晚清自贡盐商的形象及特征分析

• 영문명: The Image and Characteristic Analysis of Zigong Salt Merchants in Late Qing Dynasty
• 발행기관: 대한중국학회
• 저자명: 쑨쉐링(Xue-Ling Sun) 리아웨이(Ya-Wei Li) 예동근(Dong-Gen Rui)
• 간행물 정보: 『중국학(구중국어문론집)』第88輯, 431~446쪽, 전체 16쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2024.09.30

국문 초록

Salt, as a commodity, holds significant importance in national economy and people’s livelihood, From ancient times to the present, the state has commonly regulated this specific substance, with salt tax revenue being one of the most important sources of national fiscal income.Those ,engaged in the salt trade are known as “salt merchants”. However, during the state monopoly on salt and iron, the state controlled all production and sales of salt, so true “salt merchants” did not exist.The term “salt merchant” first appeared during the Tang Xuanzong period with the reforms of Liu Yan, the Salt and Iron Commissioner of Yangzhou,Subsequently, through the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties, they became representative of the wealthiest groups,even Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty remarked, “The wealth of the salt merchants is immense, surpassing even mine!” The Qing dynasty novel “The Scholars” and the notes “Yangzhou Boat Records” record also described many scenes about the rich salt merchants. During their wealth accumulation process, salt merchants became synonymous with terms like “cunning”, “greedy”, “reeking of money”, and “profit-driven”, which have solidified our perception of their image. During their wealth accumulation process, salt merchants became synonymous with terms like “cunning”, “greedy”, “reeking of money”, and “profit-driven”, which have solidified our perception of their image.For a long time, according to the traditional Chinese social hierarchy of “scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants”, salt merchants did not have a high social status. Therefore, they used their wealth to improve their social standing. This is why they actively participated in national and local affairs, and their active involvement positively influenced local political, economic, and cultural development. As a group that operated in regions beyond the reach of central authority, who exactly were they? Currently, scholarly research on salt merchants mainly focuses on the Jiangnan region in the lower Yangtze River, a prosperous area where salt merchants exhibit more common characteristics for study.This article studies the salt merchants of Zigong in the late Qing period, analyzing their historical image and characteristics from both common and individual perspectives, in order to provide readers with a reinterpretation of this group.

영문 초록

食盐作为一种商品，在国计民生中都占有重要地位，从古至今，国家对食盐这一特定物质管控现象均为普遍，其中最重要的是盐税收入成为国家重要的财政收入之一。那些，从事食盐贸易的人被称为“盐商”，而在盐铁专卖时期，国家控制着盐的一切生产、销售等事务，“盐商”并没有真正出现。“盐商”这一名称的出现开始于唐玄宗时期扬州盐铁使刘晏改革，而后经过宋、明、清的发展，他们成为最富有的群体代表，连清乾隆皇帝曾说到“盐商之财力伟哉，朕不及矣”！清代小说��儒林外史��、笔记��扬州画舫录��也描写了许多关于盐商富有的情景。而盐商们在财富积累过程中“奸诈”、“贪婪”、“满身铜臭”、“唯利是图”等都成为他们固有的代名词，而这些词语也固化了我们对盐商的形象界定。长期以来，按照中国传统社会的“士、农、工、商”的排位，盐商的社会地位并不高，所以他们会通过自己手中的财富为自己赢得社会地位的提高，这是他们为什么都会积极参与国家和地方事务的原因，正是他们的积极参与从而对地方政治、经济、文化发展都起到一定的积极推动作用，作为在国家权力无法张力的区域活动的群体，他们到底是怎样的一群人呢？目前学者对盐商群体研究主要集中在长江下游的江南地区，作为富庶地区，那里的盐商更具有研究的共性特征。文章以晚清自贡盐商为群体研究对象，从共性与个性的视角对其历史形象及特征进行分析，以期让读者重新解读晚清自贡盐商这一群体。

목차

1. 引言

2. 晚清自贡盐商的形象

3. 晚清自贡盐商的特征

4. 结语

키워드

만청 자공시 염상 역사적 이미지 특징 Late Qing dynasty Zigong salt merchants Image Characteristic 晚清 自贡盐商 历史形象 特征