근세 하이쿠에 나타난 ‘나비’의 정서

• 영문명: Sentiments of Butterflies in Edo Haikus - Focusing on Baho, Buson, and Issa -
• 발행기관: 일본어문학회
• 저자명: 유옥희(You Ok Hee)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본어문학』日本語文學 第80輯, 373~392쪽, 전체 20쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 일본어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2018.02.28

국문 초록

洋の東西を問わず、蝶は文学的な素材として頻繁に現れる。ところで、 日本の場合、和歌ではほとんど詠まれておらず、近世俳句に至って積極的に詠まれている。蝶が和歌にあまり現れられないのは、蝶が蛹から復活するように出てくることから、死、魂などの不気味なイメージが働き、和歌の‘雅’の美意識に相応しくなかったことと、‘テフ(チョウ)’という漢字音が和歌の韻律に合わないことなどが考えられる。稀に出る蝶の歌は、『荘子』の‘胡蝶の夢’を‘無常’のメタファーとして詠まれたものである。 近世俳句において、蝶は春と秋の季語(秋の蝶はあはれの象徴)として頻繁に詠まれるようになる。『荘子』の影響から関連語として‘夢’が最も多く現れるが、しだいに生活感覚と密着していく。芭蕉俳句では、初期は漢詩の影響から胡蝶の夢のイメージが強いが、後期に行くほど‘飛び疲れた蝶’に‘芭蕉の放浪のつらさ’が投影されていく。蕪村は、ほぼすべての作品で胡蝶の夢のイメージを用いながらも、蝶本来の属性を生かし、夢と現実との交差を感覚的に描いている。一茶は400句前後の蝶の句を残しているが、芭蕉や蕪村とは異なり、蝶を日常的に親しい生命体として描きながら胡蝶の夢のイメージから脱皮し、旅の道連れ、憐れみ、羨望の対象などとして描いている。

영문 초록

Butterflies, both the East and the West, appear as literary terms. In Japan, however, it rarely appears in waka, and it is actively dealt with in Edo haikus. There are two reasons why butterfly does not appear in waka. First, because butterfly comes out like a resurrection from the pupa, it has a mysterious image of death and soul, which does not match with the aesthetics of ‘elegance’. Second, the sound of the Chinese word ‘chō’ does not match with the rhyme of waka. In rare cases, butterflies appear in waka, used as a metaphor of Chuang-tzu’s ‘the dream of butterfly’ to express ‘vanity’. In Edo haikus, butterfly is actively recited as a seasonal word of spring and autumn. As a whole, ‘dream’ is the most related word of butterfly due to the influence of ‘the dream of butterfly’ in Chuang-tzu, but butterflies get more and more related to life sense. In Basho haikus, the image of ‘the dream of butterfly’ strongly appears at the beginning due to the influence of Chinese poetry, but ‘Basho’s wandering’ is projected on the ‘worn-out butterfly’ in his later years. In the case of Buson, almost all the works not only utilize the image of ‘the butterfly dream’, but they also use the nature of butterfly to sensuously describe the intersection of dream and reality. Issa wrote approximately 400 haikus. However, unlike Basho or Buson’s verse, butterflies are regarded as ‘familiar life forms’, breaking away from ‘the butterfly dream’ image. Therefore, butterfly is sometimes expressed as a companion of life, sometimes as an object of compassion, and sometimes as an object of envy.

목차

일문초록

1. 들어가며

2. ‘나비’라는 곤충과 상징

3. 와카(和歌)와 인연이 먼 ‘나비’

4. 근세 하이쿠와 나비

5. 나오며

참고문헌

Abstract

키워드

나비 꿈 금기 근세 하이쿠 계절감 butterfly dream taboo Edo haiku seasonal sense 蝶 夢 タブー 近世俳句 季節感