한국전쟁기 전시독본의 형성 기반과 논리

• 영문명: The Foundation and Logic of Readers during the Korean War Period
• 발행기관: 한국문학회
• 저자명: 이순욱(Lee, Soon-Wook)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국문학논총』제58집, 423~452쪽, 전체 30쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 한국어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2011.08.30

국문 초록

두루 알다시피 독본은 교육제도의 안팎에서 생산ㆍ유통된 모범적인 읽기 교재를 말한다. 그것은 발간주체와 주체의 의도, 유통 맥락에 따라 다양한 성격을 지닌다. 이 글은 이제껏 한국전쟁기 교육 연구의 영역에서 배제되었던 전시독본의 현황과 형성기반, 성격을 실증적으로 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 한국전쟁기는 단순히 일반교양과 지식을 전달하는 역할에서 나아가 전시체제에 부응하는 국민을 형성하기 위한 정훈독본의 발간이 가파르게 진행되었던 시기이다. 전시교육체제에서 학생들에게 국책 이념을 전파하고 시국 인식을 심화시키기 위해 공식적으로 유통된 ‘전시독본’, 즉 『전시생활』과 『전시독본』이 대표적이다. 이는 국가주의를 관철시키고 총후(銃後) 국민 형성을 꾀한 국가 주도의 매체 가운데 하나였다. 이를 통해 자유민주주의 체제의 우월성 확인, UN에 대한 이해와 공조의 필요성, 반공을 넘어 멸공필승의 신념을 견지하는 전시생활의 실천을 강조함으로써 전시국민의 정체성을 확립하고자 했던 것이다.

영문 초록

The Korean War was an ideological warfare. On a war footing, existing literary systems or means of education had to be reorganized to conform to the ideological battle. One of the most remarkable changes was that the media including newspapers, magazines and books which sustained the established system of the time played a very active role in national planning. During the Korean War Period, a variety of readers were produced to meet the different needs of the public, either intellectual or popular tastes. In the fields of literature and education, the media became readers for themselves as it was changing in line with the war footing. These readers were used as a supplementary textbook for a specific subject at schools, as well as a means of instilling specific ideology and knowledge more conveniently into soldiers or the wider public without school education. The purpose of this paper was to take a closer look at the foundation, reality and characteristics of wartime readers published during the Korean War, which has been pushed aside thus far in the researches on the Korean War Period literature. Among the readers, this paper focused particularly on wartime readers, which were utilized as auxiliary textbooks at education facilities for refugees to implant specific ideologies and to raise people’s awareness of the current situation at the time. These wartime readers were comprised of nine different types of 『Wartime Life』 targeting elementary school students and three types of 『Wartime Reader』 designed for middle school students and adults. Based on the dichotomy between ally and enemy, these readers were strategically published to bring the anti-communism with the cold war mindset into the fore and to internalize the excessive yearning for free democracy represented by the United States. Wartime readers, which are rightly described as strategic texts with a strong political and enlightening nature, can be divided into troop information and education (TI&E) readers and cultural readers. TI&E readers aimed at encouraging the public’s political education to indoctrinate the national ideology, while cultural readers literally meant to enhance the level of people’s culture and knowledge. 『Wartime Life』 and 『Wartime Reader』, collectively referred to as wartime readers, were distributed free of charge to students at war refuge shelters as an important TI&E readers for instilling national ideology, and they were one of the most important state-run media to unite the public in the rear. These efforts were made to confirm the superiority of free democracy, reaffirm the need to understand and collaborate with the United Nations and to emphasize the importance of practicing the wartime lifestyle with unwavering commitment to anti-communism, thereby firmly establishing a national identity. The message that these wartime readers intended to deliver was mostly related to the war footing and the most pressing issue of the time was used as a main theme. This is especially true for ‘Enlightenment Guidance,’ in which defeatism or war-weariness were described as the sets of mind that should be firmly excluded in ideological warfare, while implanting the positive conviction that Free World and the Republic of Korea would eventually prevail. In addition, industrial reconstruction, relief activities for war refugees and restoration, governmental financial management, public order and security, tax collection and many other pending issues of the time were aggressively reflected. As the target readers for 『Wartime Life』 and 『Wartime Reader』 were different, they adopted different rhetorical devices for maximum effectiveness. While 『Wartime Life』 tried to provide a guidance for wartime lifestyle in a natural way through a narrative of real story that children from war refugee shelters experienced at school or at home, 『Wartime Reader』 was strongly driven to convey the national ideology through explanation.

목차

국문초록

1. 들머리

2. 전중기 독본의 존재방식과 유형

3. 전중기 전시독본의 발간 배경과 결전교육(決戰敎育)

4. 전시독본의 구성과 내용

5. 마무리

참고문헌

〈Abstract〉

키워드

독본 정훈독본 전시독본 문학독본 반공독본 『전시생활』 『전시독본』 결전교육 국민 형성 readers wartime readers literary readers anti-communism readers 『Wartime Life』 『Wartime Supplementary Reader』 decisive match education public development