참을 수 없는 존재의 가벼움

• 영문명: The Unbearable Lightness of Being
• 발행기관: 한국중동부유럽학회
• 저자명: 김규진(Kim, Kyu-chin)
• 간행물 정보: 『동유럽발칸학』동유럽발칸학 제4권 제2호, 168~206쪽, 전체 39쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2002.12.30

국문 초록

쿤데라의 『참을 수 없는 존재의 가벼움』은 주요 주인공들인 토마스와 테레자, 그리고 사비나와 프란츠를 중심으로 각 장에서 시점이 바뀌는 특이한 구성을 하고 있다. 한 사건 또는 한 두 주제에 대한 이러한 시점 또는 관점의 변화는 진리의 상대성원리와도 상관이 있다. 똑같은 사건을 다른 주인공들의 관점에서 살펴봄으로서 독자들로 하여금 현대사회의 다양성에 대한 이해를 요구하는 듯한 인상을 준다. 제1장과 5장에서 토마스의 관점에서 사건이 배열되어 있는데 이러한 것들은 제2장과 4장에서는 테레자의 관점에서 재조명된다. 제3장 “오해받은 단어들”에서는 똑 같은 말에 대해 사비나와 프란츠의 서로 다른 관점이 대립 중첩된다. 또 작가가 등장하여 주인공들과 논쟁하는 『웃음과 망각의 책』 보다는 덜하지만 이 소설에서도 작가의 목소리가 다른 주인공들을 통해서 보여주지만, 이따금 직접 개입하는 것이 특이하다. 일반적으로 이러한 작가의 직접개입은 작품의 미적 질이라든가 소설의 구성 상 문제점을 야기 시키지만 쿤데라는 이러한 것을 괴이치 않고 등장인물들의 관점에다 자신의 관점을 중첩시키는 특이한 수법을 여러 소설 속에서 사용하듯이 참을 수 없는 존재의 가벼움 에서 효과적으로 사용한다. 다수의 인물들이 자기들의 생각과 주장을 말하도록 하면서 이야기를 진행시키는 방법은 포스모던시대의 창작의 중요한 방범의 하나이다.

영문 초록

As above we analyzed various subjects, motives and structures in the The Unbearable Lightness of Being. As Chvatik pointed out, this novel tells a typical contemporary love story, the love story which European novels treated a very long period played a role of a mirror which reflects each period and the change of customs. Don Quixote's love of the imaginary girl, Dulcinea is the ideal one which knight class had and the theme of the tragic love which Faust showed to Gretchen is personal sin. The disillusion of Madam Bovary is a reflection of the banality of romantic love in the mid 19th century bourgeois prose. Kundera reflects the jeopardy of human existence through the story of two couples who live on the borderline of two worlds at the end of the 20th century. According to Kundera a novel is a love story which is written in prose to entertain and educate readers. The Unbearable lightness of being is a new kind or a style of a novel, which does not follow the traditional flow of time, and the change of point of view in each section is especially characteristic. He used the same structure in his first novel The Joke. Dostoevsky used a similar method in his novels such as Crime and Punishment, as well as Čapek, who wrote successful philosophical novels in the early 20th century, did in The Meteor and his other novels. In this way The Unbearable Lightness of Being with its special structure, the four main characters, Thomas, Tereza, Sabina and Franz speak their different points of view in each chapter In the first section of chapter three Kundera introduces Tomas as a character he has thought about for years but has only come to see or imagine, clearly during his reflections on the myth of eternal repetition and the values of lightness and weight. The section ends with Tomas in bed besides Tereza, tortured by the fact that he has returned to Prague despite himself. Thinking about their marriage he calculates the six chance occurrences, each potentially yielding a different result, which brought them together seven years before and became his fate. In 'Soul and Body', the second section of the novel, Kundera begins with a parabatic introduction that picks up the theme of the rumbling stomach that gave birth to Tereza. The action and events of the second and fourth sections are reflected by the Tereza's view point. In the third section, 'Words misunderstood', different views of Sabina and Franz are presented. The section opens with description of Geneva and relationship of Franz and Sabina. In this section many motifs such as 'the Grand March and the Oedipus myth' are introduced. Kundera plays on the idea of chosen blindness in this section, first, in describing Franz's closed eyes while he makes love to Sabina, underling his blindness to the Oedipal nature of their love. In the fifth section, 'Lightness and Weight' Kundera begins with th story of Tomas's essay about Oedipus's acceptance of guilt for the crimes that destroyed Thebes, although he in fact spent his whole life trying to avoid his fate. Comparing to his countrymen, Tomas writes an essay which is understood as an attack to the communist regime by the authorities, which causes Tomas's expulsion from his hospital job. In such a way each section has a different view and sometimes even the author' voice is presented by the characters. The method in which different characters speak their own opinions and views is a kind of a post-modern style of writing.

목차

논문 개요

1. 서론

2. 소설의 구성

3. 토마스와 테레자

4. 사비나와 프란츠

5. 책임과 배반의 주제

6. 속물의 주제와 에덴 동산

7. 결론

참고 문헌

Abstract

키워드

토마스 테레자 사비나 소설의 구성 배반 속물 에덴 동산 포스트모던 시대 몽타주 기법 다성악적 구성 가벼움과 무거움 Thomas Tereza Sabina Structure of Novel Rebel Kitsch Garden of Eden Post-modern Montage Technique Polyphony Structure Lightness and Weight