사회주의 폴란드에서의 동화 일러스트레이션

• 영문명: The Children's book illustration in socialist Poland
• 발행기관: 한국중동부유럽학회
• 저자명: 이지원(Lee, Ji-wone)
• 간행물 정보: 『동유럽발칸학』동유럽발칸학 제4권 제2호, 608~637쪽, 전체 30쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2002.12.30

국문 초록

최근에 이르러서야 학문적 연구 대상으로 인정된 어린이 책의 역사에서 20세기 후반기에 독특한 성장과 발전 모습을 보였던 폴란드나 동유럽의 이야기는 교류의 부족과 정치적인 이유로 서유럽과 아시아에 잘 알려져 있지 못하다. 폴란드의 어린이 책에서 특기할만한 점은 사회주의 시대, 국가의 계획과 통제 하에 다른 산업과 마찬가지로 출판이 종속되면서, 여러 가지 검열과 엄격한 이데올로기적 맞춤 생산에도 불구하고 양적, 질적으로 역사상 가장 화려한 성장을 기록했다는 것이다. 어린이 책을 만드는데 있어 전통적으로 그 역할이 강조되어 온 일러스트레이션 분야에서 그 발전상은 특히나 주목할 만 한데, 그 주요 배경을 이루었던 것은 폴란드 자체의 예술적 전통과 창작적 배경 뿐 아니라, 도서의 생산과 유통에 이르는 사회, 경제, 문화적 요소들이었다. 논문은 이와 같은 요소들을 밝히며 사회주의 폴란드에서 어린이 책을 만 들었던 작가들과 출판사에 대한 배경을 정리하면서, 아르 누보에서 아르 데코에 이르기까지 1945년 이전 폴란드에서 진행되어 오던 예술적 경향들에 영향을 받았던 주요 작가들이 훗날 폴란드 일러스트레이션 학파라고 불려지는 예술가을 어떻게 구성하였는지, 이들의 주요 활동 무대가 되었던 출판사와 정부, 그리고 예술 학교의 관계는 어떠하였는지, 폴란드의 일러스트레이션이 서유럽에서 어떻게 주목받았는지에 대해 말하고 있다.

영문 초록

The history of children's books had been long been ignored in academic world. It has been studied by some librarians, historians, and collectors searching for curiosity but never been treated as an onerous theme of academic studies. Thus, the illustration in children's books has never been a focus for neither art historians nor literary critics.Much has been changed in the last century. The children's books becoming the most profitable enterprise of many publishers, the academic world gradually accepting children's literature and its history, and the courses of children's literature being opened in many universities. It is the time that the history of children's reading matter shall be written, of which the realm reaches all over the modernized worlds. Of those, Poland and other former socialist countries shares a very different history.Polish children's books, especially its illustrations and book art had been a phenomenon in the sixties and seventies in various international book fairs and the book exhibitions. Those makers of these books were called 'Polish school of illustrators', though they never had been properly defined by any art historians or literary critics in Poland, let alone those of the other side of the iron curtain. Polish publishing industry, like any other producing systems under the socialist reign, had been nationalized. The 20-year-old left wing publishing house, 'Nasza Księgarnia(Our bookshop)' has been chosen to function as the ultimate state-run editor for children's book, printing more than 60-90% of children's books in Poland. The publishing industry itself had been flourished during those early years of the socialist government, so had the children's publishing. The first department of book illustration been established in Warsaw's Academy of Fine Art, under the prominent graphic designers and illustrators like Henryk Tomaszewski or Jan Marcin Szancer. With the social privilege of makers of children's books been raised, those academic hubs had drawn many talented art students to themselves. The book illustration department of Warsaw's Academy of Fine Art became the most important center for breeding the future phenomenon of Polish illustration, with the other unavoidable center of Polish art education, Cracow's Academy of Fine Art. The artists of Polish childeren's book illustrations were mostly the graduates from those two school, working closely with the main children's publisher, 'Nasza Księgarnia'. The artistic imagery, the racy folk art tradition, solid graphic virtuosity made fame for Polish children's illustration. The most important factor for those achievement in socialist era, was more sociological than artistic. In the planned economy of socialist production, no competition was needed in any fields. Children's illustration, created by the well equipped artists, censored by severe artistic as well as political standards, distributed by state run book shops, could never been preyed upon the harsh economic reality of commercialism. Those books had the flower raised in historical glasshouse, which has to be documented and researched in children's literature studies in both western and former eastern worlds.

목차

논문 개요

1. 들어가는 말

2. 1945년 이전의 폴란드 어린이 책

3. 1945년 이후의 출판 구조의 재정비

4. 폴란드 일러스트레이션 학파

5. 끝내는 말

참고 문헌

Abstract

키워드

폴란드 동화 일러스트레이션 출판 어린이 Poland children's literature illustration children publishing