二战后韩中日三国的汉字政策及要因分析

• 영문명: Analysis of Chinese Character Policies and The Factors in China, Japan and Korea after World War II
• 발행기관: 대한중국학회
• 저자명: 한일(Yi Han) 김현태(Hyun-Tae Kim)
• 간행물 정보: 『중국학(구중국어문론집)』第89輯, 57~72쪽, 전체 16쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2024.12.31

국문 초록

After World War II, China, Japan, and South Korea faced severe devastation, with their economies, politics, and cultures in disarray. China, after the Second Sino-Japanese War, entered into a civil war, only stabilizing with the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Japan, under U.S. occupation, struggled with the war’s lingering effects, while Korea, liberated from Japan, was divided between Soviet-controlled North and U.S.-occupied South. The Korean War (1950-1953) further complicated the situation. To rebuild, these nations adopted significant reforms, including language policy changes. Influenced by Western civilization, China, Japan, and South Korea simplified their writing systems, replacing traditional Han characters and Latinizing scripts. In China, the PRC aimed to standardize language and reduce illiteracy by simplifying Chinese characters and implementing Hanyu Pinyin. Japan, under U.S. guidance, introduced a “National Language Reform” to simplify kanji and promote phonetic scripts. In South Korea, linguistic purism emerged as part of efforts to eliminate Japanese colonial influences, emphasizing the use of Hangul and reducing reliance on hanja. This paper explores the Chinese character policies of these countries, analyzing the motivations and effects of these reforms during the post-war era.

영문 초록

第二次世界大战后，韩中日三国面临战后重建的巨大挑战，经济、政治、文化都处于低谷。中国在抗日战争后进入国共内战，直到新中国成立才脱离战乱；日本被美军占领，政治环境剧变；韩国摆脱日本殖民统治后，面临南北分裂和朝鲜战争。这三国急需通过政策恢复秩序和重建。在西方文明影响下，三国纷纷启动文字改革。中国因文盲率高，推行语言文字的简化和标准化；日本在美军的推动下进行“国语改革”，废除汉字；韩国通过国语醇化运动，旨在摆脱日本影响，废除汉字。本文以第二次世界大战结束初期为时间节点，对韩中日三国颁布及实施的汉字政策进行梳理，并分析这些政策出台的主要原因及其影响。

목차

1. 序论

2. 先行研究及问题点

3. 二战后韩中日三国的语言政策背景

4. 韩中日三国颁布的汉字政策

5. 汉字政策颁布的要因

6. 结论

키워드

언어정책 한자 폐지 주한(일)미군 한어병음 로마자 Language policy Abolition of Chinese characters US armed forces in Korea(Japan) Hanyu pinyin The Roman alphabet 语言政策；废除汉字；美军入驻；政策形成；拼音；罗马字。