翻訳に現れる日韓｢受益構文｣の比較研究

• 영문명: A Comparative Study on Benefactive Constructions between Korean and Japanese: From the Perspective of Descriptive Grammar
• 발행기관: 일본어문학회
• 저자명: 박용만(Park, Yong-Man)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본어문학』日本語文學 第92輯, 119~137쪽, 전체 19쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 일본어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2021.02.28

국문 초록

本稿は日韓両言語の｢受益構文｣を｢意味論的な観点｣｢統語論的な観点｣ ｢語用論的な観点｣から観察し、その結果を元に記述的な一般化を模索したものである。意味論的な観点から検討したのは｢対象物の移動と行為の完了｣｢利益か不利益か｣｢受益者の範囲｣である。統語論的に取り扱ったのは受益構文の間に｢助詞｣と｢動詞｣を挿入してその許容範囲を比較した。最後に、語用論的な観点からは｢共感｣と｢配慮｣という項目を設定し、検討した。 その結果、日本語と韓国語の間には数多くの相違点が見られた。一般に日本語と韓国語は類似しているところが多く、とりわけ｢～が～に～を～てくれた(あげた)｣のような典型的な受益構文においては両言語がおおかた対応していると言われている。ところが、本稿で微視的に観察した結果は必ずしもそうではないことを物語っている。本稿は、このような相違が日本語と韓国語の文法化の違いから生じたものであると見ている。本動詞が補助動詞として抽象化していく際、本動詞の意味機能が薄れてきたり、新たな意味への拡張が行われたりするのが一般的な現象であるが、韓国語の｢受益構文｣の場合は、日本語に比べて、縮小や拡張を表わす文法化の度合いが高くないことが上記の項目の比較を通して証明されたと言える。

영문 초록

This paper observes the phenomenon of ‘beneficial constructions’ in thelanguages of Korea and Japan through a ‘semantic perspective’, a ‘syntactic perspective’ and a ‘pragmatic perspective’ and seeks generalizations based on the results. Subjects considered from a semantic perspective are ‘completing the movement and action of the object’, ‘benefit or disbenefit’ and a ‘range of the beneficiary’. From a syntactic perspective, ‘particle’ and ‘verb’ were inserted between the benefactive constructions to compare their acceptance. Finally, from a pragmatic perspective, the topics ‘sympathy’ and ‘consideration’ were set up and reviewed. As a result, there were many differences between Korean and Japanese. It is often considered that Korean and Japanese are similar, and typical benefactive constructions such as ‘(someone) did (action) to (someone else)’ are generally said to correspond to each other in both languages. However, the application of the derivative use method presented in this study was often unresponsive. In this paper, we believe that this difference stems from the difference in grammaticalization between Korean and Japanese. While it is common for the meaning of the main verb to be faded or extended by the process of making the main verb grammaticalized(abstracted) as an auxiliary verb, in the case of ‘benefactive construction’, the comparison of the subjects above indicates that the extension range of the Korean language is not wider than that of the Japanese language.

키워드

수익구문 의미론 통사론 화용론 배려 Benefactive Constructions Grammaticalization Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Particle Sympathy Consideration 受益構文 意味論 統語論 語用論 配慮