일기를 통해 본 조선시대 영남지방 지식인과 과거시험의 형상화

• 영문명: The shaping of the local intellectuals in the Youngnam Province of Chosun Dynasty and the state examination reflected in the personal diaries
• 발행기관: 대동한문학회
• 저자명: 최은주(Choi, Eun-joo)
• 간행물 정보: 『대동한문학』大東漢文學 第38輯, 231~265쪽, 전체 35쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 한국어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2013.06.30

국문 초록

본 논문은 조선시대 과거시험이 당대 지식인들의 일상을 얼마나 속박하였는가를 주목하고, 이러한 시각을 토대로 영남 지방 지식인들이 남긴 일기 자료들을 섭렵하여 당시 과거시험이 지방지식인의 삶에 어떤 영향력과 어느 정도의 지배력을 행사하는지 구체적으로 살펴본 것이다. 과거시험은 조선시대 지식인에게 있어 벗어날 수 없는 속박의 현실이었다. 그들의 학문과 사상, 그리고 문학 활동은 최종적으로 이러한 현실을 딛고 완성되는 것이었기 때문에, 조선시대 지식체계 전반을 입체적으로 이해하기 위해서는 과거시험의 갖은 작용과 파급효과들을 선이해할 필요가 있다. 당대 지식인들이 과거 합격을 위해 오랜 시간 記誦詞章의 실력향상에 몰두했던 시간과 현실을 전제하고, 그것의 다방면적 개입을 의식해야 한다는 것이다. 본고가 일기자료를 통해 조선시대 과거시험이 당시 지식인을 얼마나 속박하였던가를 규명한 것은 바로 이 때문이다. 살펴본 결과, 합격에 대한 강렬한 욕망 때문에 과거시험은 필연적으로 지식인의 공부를 구속할 수밖에 없었고, 또 그 욕망이 멈추지 않고 자신으로부터 자손, 가문, 지역, 정치적 계보에까지 자연스럽게 전이되었으므로, 과거시험은 결국 하나의 굴레가 되어 지식인들의 삶 전반을 관통하고 있었다. 여기에서 좀 더 나아가 ‘지방 그리고 영남’이라는 키워드를 가미하여 그러한 굴레의 일반적 보편적 경향과 아울러 지역적 특수 경향을 밝히고자 하였는데, 특히 원거리 科行의 경제적 압박과 신체적 고통 그리고 서울과의 물리적 거리로 인한 시험정보 수집의 지연은 지방지식인들을 더욱더 속박하였음을 알 수 있었다.

영문 초록

Regardless of age, the authority of the examination is powerful. The test is only the institutional system to select the talented personnel, but when it becomes the authority being added with the powers, it rather binds the human being into its bondage forever. Moreover, in the past, the state examination was the gateway to enter into the politics, especially passing the literary exam with honor means that he was with his qualification being recognized as a core elite who can lead the ruling system. Because of this, most of the noble class men in Chosun Dynasty for whom the opportunity to take the state exam was open had to force themselves to focus on the study burning their desire to advance the expedition to the power. The strong dominance of the state examination of the time started right from this reason. Unless one leads any exceptional life, everyone who have passed his early basic course of study will be naturally introduced to the state exam study and continued uninterrupted trial on taking the exam. And through the repeated process of the study and exam, each individual had to go through his own course of success or failure, and again through a certain period of re-growth and refraction, finally the academic and literary individuality began to be highlighted. The state exam was the inescapable reality of the bondage to the intellectual men of Chosun Dynasty. Their study, philosophy, and literary activity finally was to be completed overcoming this reality. Thus, in order to understand overall knowledge system of Chosun Dynasty in three-dimensional aspects, it is necessary to understand first the interaction and impact of the state examination. Assuming that the contemporary intellectuals exerted their effort in memorizing the word of chapters for such a long progress of time and reality in order to pass the state exam, then we must aware of the multifaceted intervention of that fact. In this occasion, this study intended to identify how much the state exam confined the intellectuals of Chosun Dynasty through the data on the diaries and daily recordings. As reviewed in the study, due to a strong desire of the person to pass the examination, the exam itself inevitably had to bind the study of intellectuals, so as a result of this desire which was naturally succeeded to their offspring, family, local and political lineage without stopping made the exam into an yoke that penetrate the overall life of the intellectuals of the time. Furthermore, this study aimed at clarifying the general trend as well as special trend of the region by adding the keyword of "Province, and Youngnam", in which we could notice especially their economic pressure and physical pain to travel long distance for the exam, and the delay in gathering the exam information due to the physical distance from Seoul. These factors no doubt would have put those remote local intellectuals into the life of bondage.

목차

국문초록

1. 머리말

2. 영남지방 지식인의 일기와 과거시험의 형상화

3. 영남지방 지식인의 일상과 과거시험의 속박, 그 다양한 형상들

4. 맺음말

참고문헌

Abstract

키워드

과거시험 영남지방 지식인 『청대일기』 『계암일록』 『김병 황일록』 『은유일기』 『조성당일기』 state examination local intellectuals in Youngnam Province 『Diaries in Qing Dynasty』 『Daily Recordings of Gyeam』 『Daily Recordings of Kim Byong-hwang』 『Cho Sung-dang's Diary』