하이카이에 나타난 ‘고양이의 사랑(猫の恋)’과 그 정서

• 영문명: ‘Cats’s Love’ and Sentiments Revealed in Haikai
• 발행기관: 일본어문학회
• 저자명: 유옥희(You Ok Hee)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본어문학』日本語文學 第77輯, 223~242쪽, 전체 20쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 일본어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.05.31

국문 초록

本稿では俳諧における主要季語の一つである猫の恋に焦点を合わせ、文化史および文学的背景を調べた後、俳諧において描かれる情緒について考察した。人類の歴史において農耕の始まりにより、‘穀物を害する鼠を捕る’という利点から猫は人間生活に深く関わるようになった。人間によって手なずけられるようになってから、猫の様々な習性が文学作品に登場することになる。ところで、日本の詩歌の伝統に照らしてみる時、猫は和歌や連歌においては殆んど登場しておらず、俳諧において頻繁に素材として扱われ、重要な季語として定着した。 俳諧において猫は平和な日常の象徴でもあったが、主に春に発情をして声を立てながら恋をする情景が春の季節感を表わす詩語として発達した。江戸の俳諧師たちは『源氏物語』の女三宮の密会の場面に登場する猫をモチーフに想像力を掻立てたり、田園の美しさを背景に気兼のない猫の恋の風景、また、結ばれず発情した猫の哀歓などを諧謔と叙情性を含ませて詠んでいる。芭蕉は手紙で越人の作品を讃えながら猫の恋について言及しており、いかに卑俗な動物の挙動であっても人間の心性の鏡になりうるということを示唆している。‘猫の恋’を詠んだ俳諧作品は和歌の場合のように単なる審美的な素材にだけ目を向けるのではなくあらゆる周辺の日常を対象にして‘含蓄と笑いを忘れない’俳諧の本質を示したと言える。

영문 초록

This article has looked into the main defining sentiments expressed in haikai, followed by close examination of the cultural history and literary background focusing on cats’s love, which is one of the most important season words in haikai. Since the beginning of agricultural life in human history, cats have been deeply involved in human life due to the advantage that they catch rodents which damage crops. The domestication of cats by humans has allowed the various habitual behaviors of felines to appear in the literary work. From the perspective of the tradition of Japanese poetry, cats had rarely appeared in waka and renga and yet by time when the era of haikai arrived, they have become a popular subject and have established themselves as a significant season word. Although ‘cats’ in haikai symbolize a peaceful daily life, ‘their lovemaking with a loud and piercing cry in estrus’ was developed into a poetic language embodying ‘seasonal feelings of spring.’ Cats appeared and were used as a motif, to the effect of stimulating people’s imagination, in the secret rendezvous scene of the Japanese classic literature, The Tale of Genji. With a beautiful pastoral view as its background, they were also illustrated humorously in cats’ carefree lovemaking scene and the agony of cats in estrus which failed to find a mate. Basho, who had praised the literary works of Etsujin in his letter, referred to the cats’s love, strongly emphasizing that however vulgar it may appear animals’s behaviors can act as a mirror to human nature. Haikai works which portrayed ‘cats’s love’ not only simply focused on aesthetic subjects like waka, but also captured the essence of haikai that ‘does not lose room for imagination and smile by appealing to the very poet in every human being’s heart’ using vulgar and earthy everyday life as its object.

목차

일문요약

1. 들어가며

2. 고양이 문화사와 일본의 고양이

3. 일본고전문학과 고양이

4. 하이카이 작품에 나타난 “고양이의 사랑”

5. 나오며

참고문헌

키워드

고양이의 사랑 계어 겐지모노가타리 바쇼 에쓰진 cats’s love season words The Tale of Genji Basho Etsujin. 猫の恋 季語 源氏物語 芭蕉 越人