文廟의 釋奠大祭와 太學生의 泮宮生活

• 영문명: Ritual for Confucius and his Disciples at Munmyo and University Life of Students in Chosun Dynasty
• 발행기관: 대동한문학회
• 저자명: 이민홍(Lee Min-Hong)
• 간행물 정보: 『대동한문학』대동한문학 제21집, 309~336쪽, 전체 28쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 한국어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.12.01

국문 초록

조선조가 개국되고 太學 成均館이 開校된 이후 釋奠大祭는 일정한 시기에 일정한 절차와 의례에 따라 경건하게 봉행되었다. 석전대제는 고례에 의하면 일년에 네 차례 봉행되었지만, 후세에 와서 매년 2월과 8월 첫 丁日에 두 차례 거행되었고, 이와는 별도로 매월 1일과 15일에 '焚香禮'도 있었다. 특별한 경우를 제외하고 대성전에서의 의식은 매년 두 차례의 '석전대제'와 24회의 '분향례'가 정기적으로 실시되었다. 분향례를 하기 전날 30일과 14일 아침에 '延香禮'를 행했다. 성균관 유생들의 식사는 태학생들이 자리를 잡은 후, 밥상 대신 麻布를 앞에 펼쳐서 '밥ㆍ국ㆍ醬ㆍ김치ㆍ나물ㆍ젓갈ㆍ佐飯ㆍ생채' 등 八궤를 받았다. 식당의 음식은 食母ㆍ菜母ㆍ湯茶母ㆍ魚廛母 등에 의해 만들어졌다. 도기의 서명이 끝나고 음식물이 모두 제공되면 "勸飯"이라고 외침과 동시에 식사가 시작되고, 계속해서 "進水ㆍ退床" 등의 구호에 따라 질서정연하게 진행되었다. 식사가 끝나면 "起坐"라는 구호에 따라 일어나서 식당을 나왔다. 조선조 초기부터 조정에서 태학생들의 사기를 진작시키기 위해 풍성한 음식과 술을 하사하여 '碧松宴'을 열어주었는데, 이는 校書館은 '紅桃宴'과 藝文官은 '薔薇宴' 등과 더불어 국가가 개최해 준 삼대 연회 중 하나였다. 벽송정은 명륜당 북쪽 백악산 기슭에 있었기 때문에 이곳으로 유람 온 일반인들의 유희장과 같은 구실도 했다. 성균관 泮齋에서는 '新榜禮'라는 흥미 있는 행사가 있었다. 생원ㆍ진사시에 합격하여 동ㆍ서재에 입방할 때, 기존선배 유생들에게 음식을 제공하면서 베푸는 의식으로서 온갖 재미있는 일들이 벌어졌다.

영문 초록

The crucial factor of Korean flourishment would be explained that Han-Culture, authentic culture of Han race, was sucessfully settled. It leads us to keep our identities standing alive. Korean flourishment could be even named a miracle, compared to many races surrounding China who was traditionally called "four barbarians", the Uighursㆍthe Jurchensㆍthe Khitansㆍthe Tibets. They was submitted and even threatened to lose their existence under "Pax Sinica". One of the reasons the Han-Culture staying rigorous and prosperous was bold reception of Confucianism. Han race of Korea was so enthusiastic for Confucian thoughts that Han-Culture was formed and blossomed. It is not right to blame the enthusiasm labelling the blind worship of the powerful. Since Chosun Dynasty was established and Sungkyunkwan, the national university, founded, Great Ritual for Confucius and his disciples at Munmyo (National Shrine for Confucius and his disciples) was holding in piety by the regular procedures and dates. According to old rites, Great Ritual had held four times a year, but in later ages the Ritual was held two times a year on the first 'fire day' of February and August. Apart from it, there was a ritual of incense-burning on the first and fifteenth day of every month. Two-time Great Rituals and twenty-four incense-burning rituals were taking place annually except special cases. Ritual of incense-reception was also open on the eves of incense-burning ritual days. On the students' life of Sungkyunkwan, the students' mealtime, for example, was like below: sitting in the mass hall, students was served eight dishes, riceㆍsoupsauceㆍcooked vegetableㆍkimchiㆍpermeated seafoodㆍsalted fishㆍsalad, on the tray covered with hemp cloth instead of table. Food was made by various cooks such as rice cookyㆍvegetable cookyㆍsoup/tea cookyㆍfish cooky. After students' signature was marked respectively on the roll book and the food served, "have a meal" was shouted and students started to eat. Following the successive shouts, "water served"ㆍ"tray out", students acted in orderly manners. Finishing the meal, "stand up" was shouted and students was out of mass hall. Students' mealtime was well-disciplined and strict like that of military service. From early Chosun period, in order to raise the morale of the students 'Green Pine Feast (Byucksong Yon)' was open. This feast was one of the three great feasts held by government: 'Red Peach Feast (Hongdo Yon)' for Book Revision Council and 'Rose Feast (Jangmi Yon)' for Literature Council. 'Green Pine Feast (Byucksong Yon)' was taken place in Green Pine Pavilion (Byucksong Jong), which was located on the foot of Backaak (White Peak) mountain north of Myongryun House (House of enlightening ethics) in Sungkyunkwan, and this place was also served as a play ground for the people taking a walk. At university dormitory, interesting events called 'Sinbang Rye (ritual for new-comers)' was happened. When new-comers who had passed the government service examination entered eastern or western dormitory, they always offered food and drinks for the senior students. Drinking together, lots of happenings were occurred through 'Sinbang Rye (ritual for new-comers)'.

목차

국문초록

1. 儒家理念의 再評價

2. 釋奠大祭의 實相

3. 太學生의 居齋生活

4. 太學生의 餘暇生活

5. 벽癰과 泮宮의 偏差

참고문헌

Abstract