應對全球性环境問題的困境与出路

• 영문명: Difficulties and Solutions of Addressing Global environmental Problems: Autonomy or Heteronomy?
• 발행기관: 전남대학교 법학연구소
• 저자명: 王明遠(Wang Mingyuan)
• 간행물 정보: 『법학논총』제30권 제1호, 255~277쪽, 전체 23쪽
• 주제분류: 법학 > 법학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2010.04.30

국문 초록

In present situation of international environmental relationship, the sovereign states are still the most essential and important participants, which is shown not only by the responsibilities of preventing and controlling domestic environmental problems but also by the international legal responsibilities of addressing global environmental problems such as climate warming borne by these states. However, subject to the concept of state sovereignty and interests as top, the individual rational environmental acts of the states cause and accelerate the global environmental problems rather than a good collective environmental effect,leading to collective irrationality, i.e. “Tragedy of the Commons”. The state-oriented theory in traditional international law and the autonomy mode based on contractual treaty fail to meet the need of effective disposal of the global environmental problems. It is necessary to establish and strengthen the heteronomy mechanism similar to domestic government to take an overall intervention, control and supervision of the environmental acts of all countries and international organizations on environmental problems with a view to addressing the global environmental problems and protecting the common environmental interests of human being. However, in reality, it is hard to satisfy the need of such theory, considering the restriction of the state sovereignty as the foundation stone of the international law. As the product of compromise between ideal and reality, between state sovereignty and common environmental interests of human beings, the modern international law, especially the international environmental law, adheres to the common interests of human being as orientation, constitutes the global mode of environmental governance combined autonomy and heteronomy taking sovereign states as basis and in the basic form of law-making treaties, supranational environmental protection authorities and non-state actors such as international non-governmental organizations. Moreover, with the growing of international civil society, the role of such non-state actors as international non-governmental organizations in addressing global environmental problems shall not be underestimated, and their active participation in international environmental governance is beneficial to rectify the unfavorable results on the global environment caused by the sovereign states, international organizations and other organizations to some extent. In general, nowadays, global environmental problems are increasingly severe,the fundamental way out to address environmental crisis is to establish and improve the international legal system combined autonomy with heteronomy that takes sovereign states as basis, international convention authorities and intergovernmental environmental protection international organizations as key,non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations as supplementation. Such international environmental governance mode is not perfect, but possibly, a feasible and inevitable choice.

영문 초록

在目前的國際环境關系格局中, 主權國家仍然是最基本、最重要的參与者, 這不僅体現在其所承担的預防治理國內环境問題的責任上, 也体現在其所承担的應對气候變暖等全球性环境問題的國際法責任上。然而, 在國家主權、國家利益至上觀念的支配下, 國家的个体理性环境行爲不會導致良好的集体环境效應, 而會引發和加劇全球性环境問題, 導致环境領域的集体非理性, 卽“公地的悲劇”, 傳統國際法的國家本位、基于契約性條約的自治模式根本无法适應有效處理全球性环境問題的需要。爲了應對全球性环境問題、保護人類的共同生態环境利益, 需要建立和强化類似于國內政府的他治机制, 針對环境問題對各國和各种國際机构的环境行爲進行全局性的干預、治理和監督。然而在現實中, 基于國家主權這一國際法基石的制約, 這种理論需求難以滿足。作爲理想与現實之間妥協、國家主權与人類共同生態环境利益之間妥協的産物, 現代國際法特別是國際环境法堅持人類共同利益本位, 构架以主權國家爲基础, 以造法性條約、超國家的环境保護權威机构以及非政府國際組織等非國家主体爲基本形式的自治与他治相結合的全球性环境治理模式。値得强調的是, 隨着國際市民社會的崛起, 非政府國際組織等非國家主体在應對全球性环境問題方面的作用也不容小覰, 其在國際环境治理方面的積极參与在一定程度上和一定范圍內有利于矯正主權國家、國際机构和其他組織的行爲對全球环境造成的不利后果。總地看來, 在全球性环境問題日益嚴重的今天, 應對环境危机的根本性出路在于建立幷完善以主權國家爲基础、國際公約管理机构和其他有關环境保護的政府間國際組織爲關鍵、非政府間國際組織等非國家主体爲補充的自治与他治相結合的國際法律机制。這樣的國際环境治理模式雖不完美, 却可能是較爲可行的必然選擇。

목차

一、引 言

二、近代國際法應對全球性环境問題的困境与出路

三、現代國際法應對全球性环境問題的困境與出路

四、應對全球性环境問題的市民社會

五、結 論

키워드

State sovereignty national interests oriented common interests of human being orientated autonomy heteronomy supranational authorities civilsociety 國家 主權 國家利益本位 人類共同利益本位 自治 他治 超國家組織 市民社會