독일 수상(총리)의 의회에 대한 복종청구권(僕從請求權)으로서의 신임질의권(信任質疑權)- 독일연방헌법(Bonn 기본법) 제68조 제1항 전문(前文)의 법해석상의 문제점 -

• 발행기관: 도서출판한성
• 저자명: 김백유
• 간행물 정보: 『도서출판한성 논문집』2019년, 1~17쪽, 전체 17쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 행정학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2019.01.01

국문 초록

1. 신임질의제도(Vertrauensfrage : 신임요청제도) 탄생의 역사적 배경 의원내각제의 정부형태하에서는 내각구성(組閣: Regierungsbildung)이 의회에서 절 대적 다수(absolute Mehrheit)를 차지하는 단독정당에 의하여, 만약 단독정당이 존재하지 않는 경우에는 정당간의 연합(연립정당 : Koalitionspartei)에 의하여 이루어지기 때문에, 내 각은 항상 의회로부터 정치적 신임을 얻어야만 안정된 정책을 수행해 나갈 수 있다(Regierungstragen). 만약 내각 및 수상이 의회로부터 절대적 지지(재적의원 과반수 이상) 내지는 ‘최소한 의 인내(Duldung)’를 확보하지 못하는 경우에는, 내각이 붕괴되거나 소수내각이 되어 소 위 정부위기(Regierungskrise)상태에 빠지게 된다. [의원내각제 정부형태의 본질적 요소로서의 내각불신임권] 의원내각제 정부형태의 본질적 요소인 의회의 내각불신임권(Mißtrauensrecht)은 의회는 내각을 정치적 필요에 따라 언제 든지 불신임할 수 있음을 의미하기 때문에, 만약 의회의 내각불신임권이 무제한으로 인정 되는 경우, 수상의 헌법상의 지위는 상대적으로 항상 불안정한 위치에 놓여 있게 된다. 이는 바로 독일 바이마르공화국(1919-1933)의 의원내각제 정부형태하에서 수시로 발 생하였던 정부위기에서 이를 발견할 수 있다. 바이마르공화국 14년 동안 정권(내각)이 20번이나 바 뀌는 반복적 정부위기(Regierungskrise)는 국민으로 하여금 강력한 정치지도자(Führer/지도자원 리[Führer-Prinzip])를 원하게 되었고, 이는 히틀러(A. Hitler)를 탄생시킨 정치적 배경이 되기도 하였다.1) 결국 바이마르 의원내각제 헌정사는 ‘정부위기의 헌정사’라 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다.

목차

I. 서론 ·······························································································································2

1. 신임질의제도(Vertrauensfrage:신임요청제도) 탄생의 역사적 배경 ·······················2

2. 법적 성격 ·····················································································································4

3. 바이마르(Weimar) 의원내각제와의 차이점(Abwandlung) ······································6

3.1. 바이마르공화국의 정치현실에 있어서의 신임질의 ················································6

3.2. 현행 본(Bonn) 기본법상의 신임질의 ·····································································6

II. 신임질의의 내용 ·······································································································7

1. 수상의 자유로운 결정(Ermessenensfreiheit)- 자유재량행위 ··································7

2. 신임질의에 대한 표결 ·······························································································10

2.1. 의회에서 긍정적 동의(신임결의)를 얻은 경우 ····················································11

2.2. 의회에서 신임질의를 부결(Ablehnung des Vertrauensantrags)한 경우 ·········· 11

2.2.1. 수상의 퇴임 혹은 소수수상으로 재임 ·······························································11

2.2.2. 재선거(Wiederwahl) ····························································································12

2.2.3. 의회해산(Parlamentsauflösung) ··········································································13

2.2.4. 비상입법제도(입법비상제도)의 활용 ··································································14

3. 기간규정: Spatium deliberandi(Art. 68 Abs. 2 GG)의 문제점 ····························14

III. 현행 Bonn 기본법의 입법적 불비(不備)를 해결하기 위한 헌법개정안 ············· 15

1. 발터 옐리네크(Walter Jellinek)의 제안 ··································································15

2. 저자의 헌법개정안 ····································································································16