해외 여성정책 추진체계 조사연구

• 영문명: A Study on National Machinery for Women’s Policy Worldwide
• 발행기관: 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원)
• 저자명: 김복태(Bok-Tae Kim) 김은경(Eun-Kyung Kim) 조경호(Kyung-Ho Cho)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서』2016 연구보고서 (수시과제), 1~252쪽, 전체 252쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2016.03.31

국문 초록

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구목적 □ 여성정책의 패러다임은 WID(Women in Development)-GAD(Gender and Development) -GM(Gender Mainstreaming)의 패러다임으로 전환되었으며, 2000년대 중반이후 여성정책 선진국을 중심으로 생활세계에 기반을 둔 GM이 새로운 패러다임으로 형성해 가고 있다. - GM 패러다임은 정치·경제·사회적 영역에서 정책과 프로그램의 기획, 시행, 점검 그리고 평가과정에 여성과 남성 모두의 관심과 경험을 통합함으로서, 여성과 남성이 동등하게 혜택을 받고, 불평등이 조장되지 않도록 하기 위한 패러다임이라 할 수 있다(UN/DAW/ECLA(1998); 김양희, 2003: 2 재인용). - 최근 여성의 사회참여 증가, 저출산 및 고령화 사회로의 진입 등의 다양한 현상들이 나타나고 있으며, 이런 현상들은 개별여성의 범주를 벗어난 보편적인 사회문제와 연결된 것이 대부분으로 이에 상응하는 여성정책 기구의 권한과 책임이 요구되고 있다. - 해외 주요국은 성평등 목표달성의 핵심적인 정책수단으로서 성 주류화 정책의 수행을 위해 여성정책기구의 역할을 강화하고 있다. 즉, GM 패러다임과 단절되지 않으면서 확대되고 있는 여성정책 영역까지 포함하면서 연착륙 할 수 있는 여성정책 추진체계 구축에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. □ 이에, 본 연구에서는 해외 여성정책 추진체계 현황조사와 함께, 상대적으로 여성정책의 역사가 오래된 선진 국가를 중심으로 최근 여성정책추진체계 현황을 포괄적인 수준에서 검토함으로써 우리나라 여성정책 추진체계의 발전방향을 제안하고자 한다. 2. 연구내용 및 방법 본 연구의 내용과 방법은 아래와 같다. Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 분석 틀 1. 여성정책 패러다임 변화에 따른 추진전략 □ 여성정책의 패러다임의 변화를 살펴보면, ‘보호(protection)’, ‘평등(equality)’, ‘성평등(gender equality)’으로 제시할 수 있다(김민정 외, 2009). - 보호패러다임은 남녀 간 성차(sexual difference)에 입각하여 여성의 모성기능을 중시하여, 여성을 특별히 보호함으로써 남녀평등은 실현된다고 보는 관점이다. - 평등패러다임은 남녀 간 생물학적 기능보다는, 정책적, 사회적, 정치적으로 남녀에게 동일한 기회를 부여하고 동일한 기준을 적용해야 한다는 관점이다. - 성평등 패러다임은 성차에 근거한 성역할분업을 유발하는 관행, 제도를 비판하며, 모든 영역에 있어서 남녀가 같은 역할을 수행하며 정책적으로는 여성도 남성도 의사결정의 장, 생산노동, 재생산노동에 참여할 수 있는 사회시스템의 구축을 지향하는 관점이다. □ 보호(protection)’, ‘평등(equality)’, ‘성평등(gender equality)’ 이라는 여성의 패러다임을 바탕으로 국제사회에서는 각각의 패러다임 별로 WID, GAD, GD 전략을 채택하여 여성관련 정책을 주도하였다.

영문 초록

Recently, diverse problems that overstretch individual female’s capacity to handle are occurring more frequently than ever. These problems include issues like child-care issues due to increased number of working females, female’s improved economic power, elimination of gender role stereotypes, and support for the elderly. The importance of establishing women’s policy enforcement system is becoming heightened in order to support and solve such problems. Thus, this study, along with an investigation of women’s policy enforcement system overseas, comprehensively examines the current status of female policy enforcement system in developed countries with relatively long female policy history. Through this examination, this study ultimately aims to propose a future development direction for South Korea’s female policy enforcement system. Firstly, changes in female policy’s paradigm can be described in the following three words: protection, equality and gender equality. The international society has been taking the lead in female-related policies through selecting strategies, such as WID (Women in Development), GAD (Gender and Development), GM (Gender Mainstreaming), based on each paradigm. However, with socio-economic changes such as change in the industrial structure, increase in double-income households, women’s increased participation in the labor market, low-birthrate issue, aging society, and multi-cultural society, the paradigm of female policies is going through a transformation. In specific, gender equality perspective based on gender mainstreaming and universal perspective based on life-world are being integrated into the female policy enforcement system, turning into the new paradigm that maintains our society’s sustainability. Secondly, this study analyzed each country’s female policy enforcement system as of both 2008 and 2015, under categories of current status examination, organization shape, organization title, and regional organization title. Results showed that a total of 170 countries had a female policy enforcement system established as of 2008, while the number rose to 191 countries in 2015. Most of the policy enforcement systems were in the form of independent department, and it was found out that most countries had only one standalone female policy enforcement organization. This study also analyzed each country’s female policy enforcement organization’s title, of which was categorized into gender equality, women, and others. According to the results, most of the organization titles had ‘women’ in the title. Looking at the female policy enforcement organization type by region, Asian and African continent had either independent or subordinate organizations, Oceania had independent organizations, and Europe had independent organizations, committees, and subordinate organizations. Meanwhile, when each OECD nation’s female policy enforcement system was examined based on the country’s level of gender equality, female representation, female’s participation in economic activities, wage disparity between genders, and birthrate, the GGI score, level of female representation and female’s participation in economic activities were found to be higher as the female policy enforcement organization was in the form of an independent organization. Also, as the organization title contained keywords other than ‘gender equality’ and ‘women,’ the GGI score, the level of female representation and the degree of wage disparity between two genders were found to be higher. When the level of gender equality was analyzed only for countries with an organization title with the keyword ‘women’ in it, the gender equality level was higher for countries with an organization title that combines ‘women’ with other keywords than countries that only use ‘women.’

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 분석 틀

Ⅲ. 여성정책 추진체계 현황

Ⅳ. 사례조사

Ⅴ. 결론 및 시사점