「대일항쟁기 중대인권침해 진상규명 등에 관한 법률안」의 기초가 되는 국제법 원칙

• 영문명: The Principles of International Law that Form the Basis of the Proposed Act regarding the Fact-Finding Investigation for Serious Human Rights Violations during the Anti-Japanese Struggle Period
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 신희석(Ethan Hee-Seo k Shin)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제34집, 199~306쪽, 전체 108쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2018.06.30

국문 초록

日本は、1910年、韓半島を併合した以降、さまざまな重大な人権侵害を犯 したが、真相調査、加害者処罰、被害者賠償、再発防止などの転換期定 義(transitional justice)、または｢過去事清算｣は依然として不十分なのが実情 だ。さらに、韓日歴史問題は、客観的事実と普遍的な法規範に立脚した論議 を通じてのみ、真の被害者救済と韓国と日本を含む国際社会の共感形成がで き、これは、政府レベルの持続的な関心と努力を必要とする。 2004年から活動を続けてきた日帝強制動員調査委員会が、2015年12月30 日、廃止されたが、政府レベルの調査の必要性は、今も変わらない。これに 筆者は、従来の強制動員調査法の不備を補完し、真相究明委員会が適用 する国際人権法を含めた普遍的な法規範を明示した｢対日抗争期の重大な人 権侵害の真相糾明などに関する法律案(略称:日本の重大な人権侵害の真相 究明法案)｣(付録参照)を提案した。 この法案は、強制動員以外の日帝の重大な人権侵害まで調査対象とし て、国会が法律(安)で調査委員会が適用する国際法規範を具体的に提示し ている。このような規範は、国際法上の時際法(inter-temporal law)の原則、 すなわち行為の際の法を適用しなければならないという原則を考慮して第1·2次 大戦を前後して設立された平和に対する罪、戦争犯罪、人道に対する犯罪、 ジェノサイドなど国際法上の国際犯罪を含めて、重大な人権侵害と見なされてい た内容を中心にした。 国連を中心に発展してきた国際人権法では過去の重大な人権侵害に対する 真相調査、加害者処罰、被害者賠償、再発防止などを個人の人権であり、 国家の義務と規定している。戦争や独裁体制から脱した各国の政府や司法府 の転換期定義(transitional justice)の慣行はこうした国際人権法の流れを下支 えしている。したがって、韓国政府も加害者処罰、被害者賠償、再発防止な ど、被害者救済の第一歩になる真相調査に積極的に臨まなければならない。 普遍的な国際人権法の発達から韓国政府が日帝の重大な人権侵害を調 査する法的義務が生ずるが、これを立法化することは、国会での法案の提出 および審議をはじめとする政治的過程が必要である。2000年代初め、被害 者·遺族団体、市民団体、学術団体が連帯して世論の呼応で、日帝強制 動員真相調査法が制定されたように再び過去事に対する関心が大きくなってい る最近の雰囲気の中で、日帝の重大な人権侵害の真相調査も進展があること を期待してみる。

영문 초록

Japan committed a host of serious human-rights violations following its annexation of the Korean peninsula, but the measures for transitional justice or “settlement of past affairs” such as fact-finding, punishment of perpetrators, compensation for victims and guarantee of non-repetition have been inadequate. Furthermore, the “history issue” between Korea and Japan requires discussion based upon objective facts and universal legal norms for genuine redress of the victims and international consensus including Korea and Japan. This calls for continued interest and efforts at the governmental level. The mandate of the Investigative Commission for the Japanese Forced Mobilization, which had been active from 2004, expired on 30 December 2015, but the need for governmental-level investigation remains. Therefore, the author has presented the Proposed Act regarding the Fact-Finding Investigation for Serious Human Rights Violations during the Anti-Japanese Struggle Period. The proposed act includes serious human-rights violations other than forced mobilization in the subject-matter, and provides for the specific international legal norms to be applied by the investigative commission. In light of the principle of inter-temporal law that the law in force at the time of the event in question must be applied, the norms listed mainly concern acts that were considered serious violations of human rights, including international crimes such as crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, established before and after the two World Wars. International human-rights law, as developed by the United Nations, consider the measures of fact-finding, punishment of perpetrators, compensation for victims and guarantee of non-repetition for serious human-rights violations in the past as a human right and obligation of states. The practice of transitional justice in countries moving away from war or dictatorship support this trend in international human-rights law. Hence, the South Korean government too must actively take part in fact-finding investigation, which forms the first step for remedies such as punishment of perpetrators, compensation of the victims and guarantee of non-reptetition. While the development of universal human-rights norms obligate the South Korean government to investigate the serious human-rights violations committed by Imperial Japan, its realization requires political process including the submission and consideration of the Proposed Act in the National Assembly. Just as the solidarity of victims/surviving families, civil-society organizations and academic associations joined force to pass the act on the fact-finding investigation for Imperial Japan’s forced mobilization in the 2000s, the author hopes that the rekindled social interest in history in the recent times may lead to progress in the fact-finding investigation for Imperial Japan’s serious human-rights vioaltions.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ.「대일항쟁기 중대인권침해 진상규명 등에 관한 법률안」의 주요 내용

Ⅲ. 국제법과 전환기 정의(transitional justice)의 시각에서 본 「대일항쟁기 중대인권침해 진상규명 등에 관한 법률안」

Ⅳ.「대일항쟁기 중대인권침해 진상규명 등에 관한 법률안」의 조사대상 규정에 반영된 국제법 원칙

Ⅴ. 맺음말

키워드

일제 중대인권침해(Serious Human Rights Violations by Imperial Japan) 국제인권법(International Human Rights Law) 전환 기정의(Transitional Justice) 과거사 청산(Settlement of Past Affairs) 강제동원(Forced Mobilization)