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해방 직후 남한 귀환자의 해외 재이주 현상에 관한 연구

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영문명
A Study on the Migration Phenomena of Korean Repatriates just after Liberation -Focus on Illegal Moving Back to Manchuria and Japan, 1946~1947-
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
이연식(Yi, Yeon-Sik)
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제34집, 77~123쪽, 전체 47쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2018.06.30
8,440

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논문 표지

국문 초록

解放直後における韓国の人口は、約1,600万人であったが、わずか1年の間 に、海外から約250万人が流入し、急激な社会的な増加を経験した。海外帰 還者は、38度線を越えて南下した帰郷民·越南民·中国帰還者と、釜山と付 近の沿岸地域に戻ってきた、日本をはじめアジア·太平洋地域の帰還者に分 けられるが、中国大陸と日本列島から帰ってきた帰還者が、全体流入人口の 約80%を占めた。ところが、1945-1946年の間に爆発的に増加した海外帰還者 の流入は、1946年3-4月を基点に急速に減少し、ついに母国に背を向け、満 州や日本に再移駐する人々が現れた。 この研究では、解放の後、海外帰還者の「再移住現象」に関するものである が、再移住を決めた人が、母国を離れていった動機と移住地での展望、再移 住者が発生した、1946-1947年における韓国社会の構造的問題、再移住者に 対する社会的認識などを考察した。その結果、満州移住の場合は、日本植 民地時代に農地を開拓した韓人が、解放後北朝鮮や韓国に帰り、満州の中 で閑村が発生した反面に、韓国と北朝鮮は、1946年米軍政の南北間の交易 断絶措置により、肥料や農機具の調達をはじめ、農地改革の遅延により、小作地が得られなかった南部地域の帰還貧農が再び移住したことが分かった。 一方、日本の場合は、1946年に入り、アメリカが、在日朝鮮人の財産搬入 規制を強化し、日貨預金領を断行することにより、すでに搬入した円貨さえ使え なくなった状況のなかで、物価高·就職難·食糧難などで生活が不可能になっ た大勢の人々が、日本に在留中である知人や親戚にたより集団密航したことが 明らかになった。 この研究では、全世界的に行われた前後人口移動が、韓半島の南部で、 どのように展開されたか、その普遍性と特殊性は何かという問題を解明する基礎 作業であったが、帝国解体の以後、旧植民地において、海外帰還者の受け 入れと社会的統合を通じた「国民形成」の過程が、どれぐらい難しい課題であっ たのかを実証した。また、帰還者の再移住という、「人の移動」という現象を通じ て、占領期における韓国社会の社会像と国家運営能力を、さらに多面的に眺 望した。また、世界的な移民排出国·ディアスポラ国家でありながらも、移住 労働者の主な流入国として現在の韓国が、直面している多民族·多文化状 況、変化する国民の概念と構成、在外同胞社会との関係の再設定問題など について、解放空間の歴史的経験を反芻するきっかけを提供し、それから知恵 を絞る契機を与えたことも研究史的な意義と言えよう。

영문 초록

The liberated korea has the estimated population 16 million in 1945, and added 2.5 million just after an year. The korean repatriates returned by way of 2 main routes. The returnees, Wol-Nam-Min(former residents in north korea), and repatriates from Manchuria came into south korea over the 38th division line. The other repatriates from japanese islands and pacific areas came into Busan port and the vicinity. The repatriates who returned from the China and the Japanese islands made up about 80% of the total added population. However, the influx of overseas repatriates who explosively increased between 1945 and 1946, declined abruptly in April of 1946, and at last illegal re-emigration group to Manchuria and Japan Appeared, who had repatriated from those areas. This study deals with the “re-migration phenomenon of 1946” in korea, mainly focuses on 1) the motivation for those who decided to remigrate, their prospects of resettlement in Manchuria and post war japan after re-migration, 2) the structural problems of the Korean society in 1946-1947, and 3) the social recognition for the people who letf for Manchuria and Japan. This study proved the cause and background of re-migration phenomenon. The Manchuria case, the local authorities wanted farmers and peasants who could cultivate the abandoned land which had been originally pioneered and reclaimed by korean poor peasants, who repatriated to korean peninsula. On the other hand, the korean repatriates had a hard time in tenanting farmland, and so much difficulty in getting farming tools including fertilizer. That’s why they left korea for Manchuria again. The Japanese case, the korean repatriates had a tough life owing to the restriction of properties left in japan, while the inflation and food shortage in korea got worse and worst. Accordingly, many koreans tried illegal entrance into post war japan. This study is a part of clarifying the universality and specificity of post war repatriation and migration issues developed in the south Korea. Through this study, we can find how difficult it is for newly liberated areas to accommodate repatriates and make them ordinary nationals in harmonic way with successful social integration. and we can observe the social aspect and administrative ability of newly liberated south korea in detail, Because the present korea has faced with so many problems connected with immigration workers and re-setting with korean communities abroad, we should introspect these historical experience of our own.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 해방 직후 인구이동의 특징과 귀환자의 유입
Ⅲ. 남한의 정착환경과 귀환자의 재이주 현상
Ⅳ. 맺음말

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APA

이연식(Yi, Yeon-Sik). (2018).해방 직후 남한 귀환자의 해외 재이주 현상에 관한 연구. 韓日民族問題硏究, 34 (1), 77-123

MLA

이연식(Yi, Yeon-Sik). "해방 직후 남한 귀환자의 해외 재이주 현상에 관한 연구." 韓日民族問題硏究, 34.1(2018): 77-123

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