新羅의 對外認識과 天下觀

• 영문명: Shilla's View of Foreign Situations and Its Perception of the Outer World
• 발행기관: 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소
• 저자명: 全德在(Jeon, Deog-Jae)
• 간행물 정보: 『역사문화연구』제20집, 203~247쪽, 전체 45쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.06.30

국문 초록

본고는 신라인의 천하관이 自國의 영역팽창과 국제관계의 변동에 따라 약간씩 변하였던 실상을 살핀 것이다. 6부체제 단계에 신라인들은 6부의 영역만을 자신들의 천하공간으로 인식하였다. 4세기말부터 신라는 지방의 영역화작업을 추진하 여 6세기 전반에 마무리하였다. 이때에 신라인들은 6부의 영역과 더불어 州郡村으로 편제된 지방까지 그들의 천하공간으로 확장하여 인식하였다. 황룡사9층탑을 창건한 7세기 중반부터 신라인들은 고구려와 백제지역, 즉 삼한의 영토까지 그들의 천하공간에 포함하여 인식하기 시작하였다. 그리고 곧바로 그들은 백제와 고구려의 협공으로부터 벗어나기 위하여 唐에 도움을 요청하고, 그에 대한 반대급부로 自國의 신성성과 독자성을 내세우는 의식을 뒤로 하고 중국 중심의 천하관과 세계질서를 적극 수용하였다. 통일기에 신라인들은 중국의 蕃國으로 자처하면서도 자신들의 독자적인 천하공간인 三韓地域을 守護하고 공고히 하는데 주력하는 한편, 다른 한편으로 君子國이나 小中華國을 그들의 새로운 국제적 위상의 座標로 내세워 문화적으로 낙후된 주변의 발해나 일본과 차별하려고 노력하였다. 신라인들은 上代부터 통일기까지 自國을 천하의 중심에 두고 주변제국을 屬國으로 포괄하는 내용의 천하관을 강하게 드러내서 강조하지 않았고, 영역팽창과 국제관계의 변동에 따라 그들이 인식하는 천하공간에 대한 관념에 약간씩의 변화가 있었다는 것이 본고의 결론이다.

영문 초록

In this research, how the Shilla people usually perceived the outer world, and how such perception was changed as the territory of Shilla was expanded and the international situations have also changed, are all examined. During the period of the 6-Bu system, the territory occupied by the 6-Bu was the extent of their territory, and also the extent of their perception of the world. Then, since the end of the 4th century Shilla have been absorbing local areas and integrating them into its control, and that task was nearly being completed during the early half of the 6th century. At this stage, they started to consider not only the area occupied by the 6-Bu, but also the newly assimilated Ju/州, Gun/郡, Chon/村units to be within the boundary of their own world as well. And it was the mid-7th century, which also marked the construction of the 9-storied pagoda at the Hwangryong Temple, that the Shilla people started to include the areas that were still occupied by the Goguryo and Baekjae dynasties at the time in the definition of their own world, which means the traditional concept of Three Hans/ 三韓was finally being included in their perceiving of their own world. At the same time, they requested for the Chinese Tao dynasty's assistance in evading the aggressively invading Goguryo and Baekjae troops, and accepted the China-based new international order and the Chinese perception of the East-Asian world at the expense of their own traditional perception valuing their own holiness and independent consciousness above anything else. During the Unified Shilla dynasty period, the Shilla people considered their country as part of the Chinese world, like a local state, but also continued efforts to solidify their own territory that was literally the Three Hans territory. At the same time, they tried to define their own international identity by establishing the dynasty as an Honorable State(the Gunja-guk/君子國) or a smaller version of an Ideal state pursuing to uphold Chinese-oriented values, distancing themselves from the relatively underdeveloped Balhae or Japan in the process. As we can see, from the early days of the dynasty through the Unified period, the Shilla people did not heavily express the idea of putting their own dynasty at the center of the world as an entity ruling other worlds. And there were certain changes made to their perception of the world as territorial expansion continued and international situations changed.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 聖德王代의 君子國 認識과 對日觀

Ⅲ. 上代의 天下觀과 그 變化

Ⅳ. 맺음말

키워드

천하관 王城國 군자국 소중화국 蕃國 對日認識 황룡사9층탑 창건 연기설화 三韓一統 Perception of the World Wangseong-guk/王城國 Honorable state(Gunja-guk/군자국) Smaller version of an Ideal State pursuing to uphold Chinese-oriented values Local State(Beon-guk/번국) View of Foreign situations The Buddhist Tale regarding the construction of the 9-storied pagoda at the Hwangryong Temple the Concept of Unity of the Three Hans(三韓一統)