충남 금산지역의 기우전설 연구

• 영문명: A Study of Legend Praying for Rain in Geumsan, Chungnam
• 발행기관: 어문연구학회
• 저자명: 박종익(Park Jong-ick)
• 간행물 정보: 『어문연구』語文硏究 第104輯, 117~143쪽, 전체 27쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 한국어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2020.06.30

국문 초록

이 논문은 금산지역에서 전승되고 있는 기우(祈雨)전설을 분석한 것이다. 금산지역에는 <물굴 침호두(沈虎頭) 기우> 전설로부터 <청징연 기우>, <호롱형 명당>, <농바우 기우>, <수통골 대늪치기>, <추석봉 기우> 등의 여러 기우전설이 전한다. 이들 가운데 <물굴 침호두 기우>나 <청징연 기우> 전설은 『신증 동국여지승람』에 실릴 만큼 조선 초기에 주목 받았던 지역 의례였다. 나머지 기우전설 또한 금산지역 주민들에 의해 실행되던 실제 기우 사례가 전설화 된 것이다. 그런 점에서 이들 전설은 금산의 기우 실상을 잘 반영하고 있다. 이처럼 금산지역에 다수의 기우전설이 분포한 데에는 지리적인 여건이 작용하였기 때문이다. 금산지역은 소백산맥과 노령산맥이 걸쳐있는 고산지대로 평균고도가 250m에 이른다. 따라서 전국적으로 밭의 비율이 월등하게 높고 수리체계 또한 열악한 편이다. 이러한 바탕에서 이 고장 사람들은 농사의 풍흉을 좌우하는 물의 안정적 확보가 절실하였고, 한발 해결의 대처법으로 다양한 기우제를 지내왔다. 그리고 현장의 기우제가 동인이 되어 제의를 바탕으로 한 여러 기우전설이 파생되었다. 금산지역에 전승되고 있는 기우전설에는 다양한 기우기법과 주술원리가 담겨 있다. <물굴 침호두 기우> 전설은 용과 적대적 관계를 이루는 호랑이를 동원하고 있다. 호랑이의 머리를 용이 머무는 공간에 빠뜨리는 것은 신성 공간의 오염과 용에 대한 도전이다. <수통골 대늪치기>나 <추석봉 기우> 전설에서도 앞의 전설과 같은 기우 기법이 나타난다. 용이 머무는 공간에 돌을 던지거나 불로 위협을 가하는 적대적 행위가 나타난다. 이처럼 용을 상대로 적대감을 불러일으켜 비를 유도하는 일련의 행위들은 모두 반감주술(反感呪術) 기우기법이다. 금산지역의 전설 대부분에서 이러한 원리 활용이 발견된다. 그리고 <농바우 기우>, <수통골 대늪치기> 전설에서는 반감주술 기법을 비롯하여 비가 오는 것을 모의하거나 조장하는 모방주술 내지 유감주술(類感呪術)의 기우기법이 동원된다. 요컨대 이 글에서는 이 고장 기우전설을 기초로 전설에 내재된 기우기법의 전승과 성격, 의례에 내재된 원리나 의미를 살펴보았다.

영문 초록

Geumsan County has many high mountains. The village is formed along a high mountain. People s paddy fields and fields are also between mountains. On the other hand, a collecting basin are far short. When it rains again, the water drains out quickly. For this reason, when it doesn t rain, most people ruin farming. Therefore, people held sacrifices in the sky to pray for rain. Due to poor geographical conditions, people in Geumsan often repeated the rain ritual. And as these rituals were repeated, legends related to rain were created. In this paper, Researcher analyzed the legend of bringing rain to God. The people of Geumsan have long prayed to heaven and the dragon if it didn t rain. They prepared food for the memorial service and prayed to these gods for rain. The people of Geumsan even put tiger heads in a pond during the 16th century Joseon Dynasty. This pond is located in Jinaksan Mountain and is known as a famous place. People said that there lived a dragon in this pond. So people put the tiger s head in this pond and prayed for rain. Other than this, they try to pull the sacred rock down the rope. This sacred rock is protected by the God of heaven, and it was intended to offend the heart of God. People thought that the god of heaven would shower when he was angry. It is assumed that people will be chased by showers. They also set fire to rocks that were thought to be the heads of dragons. People piled up trees on the rocks and burned the rocks with fire. Then the dragon saw his head burning and thought it would rain. People expected the dragon to put out a fire by causing heavy rain. In addition, Geumsan has many other customs that call for rain. These customs are passed down to this day. People use tools to mimic rain. People think that it will rain. People pee or shit in the river. It s dirtying the river. Then I think the dragon will clean the river with rain. The various methods listed above are customs found in Geumsan. a collecting basin Geumsan County has many high mountains. The village is formed along a high mountain. People s paddy fields and fields are also between mountains. On the other hand, a collecting basin are far short. When it rains again, the water drains out quickly. For this reason, when it doesn t rain, most people ruin farming. Therefore, people held sacrifices in the sky to pray for rain. Due to poor geographical conditions, people in Geumsan often repeated the rain ritual. And as these rituals were repeated, legends related to rain were created. In this paper, Researcher analyzed the legend of bringing rain to God. The people of Geumsan have long prayed to heaven and the dragon if it didn t rain. They prepared food for the memorial service and prayed to these gods for rain. The people of Geumsan even put tiger heads in a pond during the 16th century Joseon Dynasty. This pond is located in Jinaksan Mountain and is known as a famous place. People said that there lived a dragon in this pond. So people put the tiger s head in this pond and prayed for rain. Other than this, they try to pull the sacred rock down the rope. This sacred rock is protected by the God of heaven, and it was intended to offend the heart of God. People thought that the god of heaven would shower when he was angry. It is assumed that people will be chased by showers. They also set fire to rocks that were thought to be the heads of dragons. People piled up trees on the rocks and burned the rocks with fire. Then the dragon saw his head burning and thought it would rain. People expected the dragon to put out a fire by causing heavy rain. In addition, Geumsan has many other customs that call for rain. These customs are passed down to this day. People use tools to mimic rain. People think that it will rain. People pee or shit in the river. It s dirtying the river. Then I think the dragon will clean the river with rain. The various methods listed above are customs found in Geumsan.

목차

1. 머리말

2. 금산지역 기우제 전통

3. 금산지역 기우전설 분석

4. 맺음말

키워드

금산 기우전설 기우제 용 호랑이 침호두 물굴 청징연 농바우 대늪치기 추석봉 반감주술 유감주술 모방주술 Geumsan rain a legend praying for rain dragon tiger s head god rock showers