과태료제도와 관련한 법적 문제

• 영문명: Legal Issues of the Administrative Fine
• 발행기관: 경희법학연구소
• 저자명: 김재광(Kim, Jae-Kwang)
• 간행물 정보: 『경희법학』제52권 제2호, 105~129쪽, 전체 25쪽
• 주제분류: 법학 > 민법
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.06.30

국문 초록

과태료를 규정하고 있는 법령이 2017년 6월 현재 약 780건으로 파악되고 있다. 동시에2017년2월현재전국체납교통과태료만해도1조원이넘었다고한다. 이러한사실은과태료의 남용현상과 함께 과태료 징수 및 체납 절차의 문제점을 분명히 보여주고 있다. 사실과태료징수및체납절차에대하여국세또는지방세에관한규율체계를준용하는방식에서아직 벗어나지 못하는 등 독자적인 규율체계를 정립하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 질서위반행위규제법 을개선하려는노력이지속되고 있는것은다행한일이 아닐 수 없다. 먼저 2011년 4월 11일에 과태료 집행의 실효성 제고를 위한 질서위반행위규제법의일부 개정이 이루어졌는데, 과태료징수절차를명확히한것으로평가받고 있다. 다음으로 2015년 9월 21일 정부가 제안한 질서위반행위규제법 일부개정법률안은 과태료에특유한 징수 및 체납 절차에 관련한 내용들을 상당부분 담고 있었다. 과태료제도와관련한법적문제들도다양하다. 그중에서첫째, 과태료의병과가능성, 둘째,질서위반행위규제법상과태료의부과의근거및부과요건문제, 셋째, 과태료의부과행위의법적 성질과 권리구제, 넷째, 개별법의 근거가 없는 지방자치단체의 과태료 부과권 문제,다섯째, 과태료 특성에 맞는 징수 및 체납처분 절차의 도입, 여섯째, 과태료 일반법(질서위반행위규제법)과 과태료 근거법률(개별법률) 간의 조화문제, 일곱째, 과태료를 규정하고 있는개별법상 문제, 여덟째, 과태료에 대한 양벌규정의 문제점 등에 대해 살펴보았다. 향후 과태료제도의 독자성을 확보할 수 있는 질서위반행위규제법의 정비와 함께 과태료의근거규정인개별법상의과태료규정들도지속적으로정비하여체계정합성및내용적정당성을 확보하여 국민권익에 기여하여야 할 것이다.

영문 초록

The administrative fine estimated as the core of administrative penalties has been introduced in most laws in R.O.K.. Today, however, the administrative fines create not only adverse effects but also good one. The current system of administrative fine is made up of the general act “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” and various individual acts imposing administrative fines. Therefore, the legal issues related to administrative fine should be reviewed in the general act “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” and individual acts. First, there are some cases in which the legal consistency has not been between general act “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” and individual acts and in which the problems in the collecting the administrative fine has been revealed by application of the tax laws. Second, improper standards for imposing administrative fines should be one of issues on individual acts stipulating it. Therefore, it should be improved to ensure equity and appropriateness of imposition standards of administrative fines. The “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” has been also revised continuously. To begin with, “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” on April 11th, 2011, was amended partly to enhance the effectiveness in collecting administrative fines, which is considered to have clarified the procedures of collecting administrative fines. Next, Bill for Amendment of Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order submitted by government on Sept. 21, 2015, included characteristic and important issues of administrative fines well. Unfortunately, this bill was automatically abolished by the completion of the 19th National Assembly. But some issues of that bill which became parliamentary legislation(alternative bill of committee chairman) passed the plenary session on November 17, 2016, was published on December 2, 2016, and was enacted June 3. 2017. The major contents passed are as follows: ① extending the term for payment of administrative fine and deleting provisions applicable mutatis mutandis ② introducing basis rules of credit card payment for administrative fine(Article 17-2) ③ reducing charge rate of a fine for default(Article 24(1)) ④ introducing grace period system of collection for it(Article 24-3) ⑤ introducing temporary suspension system of official detention on license plates(Article 55(4)). In order to secure the uniqueness of the administrative fine in the future, it will be necessary to constantly revise the general law “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” and improper provisions in the individual law related to it.

목차

l. 머리말

ll. 과태료제도의 의의, 연혁, 구별개념

lll. 과태료의 유형과 구별 문제

lV. 과태료제도와 관련한 법적 문제

V. 결 론

키워드

과태료 ｢ 질서위반행위규제법｣ 과태료 부과기준 과태료 징수의 효율성제고 과태료 집행의 실효성 제고 Administrative Fine “Act on the Regulation of Violations of Public Order” standards for imposing administrative fines Improving efficiency of administrative fine