복수국적자의 공무담임권 제한에 관한 연구

• 영문명: A Study on the Limitation of the Right to Take a Public Office of Multiple National
• 발행기관: 조선대학교 법학연구원
• 저자명: 정한기(Jeong Han-Ki)
• 간행물 정보: 『법학논총』제19권 제2호, 271~295쪽, 전체 25쪽
• 주제분류: 법학 > 법학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.08.31

국문 초록

현행 ｢국적법｣ 제11조의2는 복수국적자에게 국내법을 적용함에 있어 대한민국 국민으로 처우함을 명확히 하고 있다. 그러나 복수국적자가 대한민국 국민으로서 행사할 수 있는 권리와 의무에 관하여 다양한 입법적 조치가 필요한 상황이다. ｢헌법｣ 제25조의 공무담임권은 헌법에서 정하고 있는 공무이든 법률에서 정하고 있는 공무이든 이에 취임할 수 있는 기회를 보장받는 권리를 말한다. 공무담임권도 공무의 성질과 기능으로 인하여, 헌법에서 명시적으로 정하고 있는 경우 이외에는 ｢헌법｣ 제37조 제2항에 의하여 제한이 가능하다. 그러면 복수국적자도 대한민국의 국민으로 인정되는 만큼 공무담임권에 대하여 제한을 하는 경우에는 제한 목적의 타당성, 제한의 예측가능성이 확보되어있는지 등에 관하여 검토가 필요하다. 또한 복수국적을 가지고 있는자가 국가안전보장이나 질서유지, 공공복리 등 중요한 정책결정권을 행사할 수 있는 선출직 공무원이 될 수 있는지에 관한 규정이 없는 것도 문제이다. ｢경찰공무원법｣ 제7조 제2항 제2호에서는 복수국적자의 경찰공무원임용에 관하여 포괄적으로 제외하고 있다. 이에 비해 ｢외무공무원법｣ 제9조 제2항 제2호에서 대한민국국적을 가지지 아니한 사람만 임용에서 제외되고, 복수국적자는 해석상 외무공무원이 될 수 있게 된다. 경찰공무원과 외무공무원 중 누가 국가기밀이나 외교기밀을 많이 다룬다고 경중을 따질 수는 없지만, 복수국적자가 외교 공무원은 임용이 가능하고, 경찰공무원 임용은 불가능하다는 형평성의 문제가 있다.

영문 초록

In the Act 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Right and Duties of States regarding the right and obligation of the nation, 4 of the composition elements of a nation are regulated. It stipulates the ‘permanent population’ as one of the human composition elements among 4 of them. The problem of who belongs to the permanent population of a certain nation is regulated through nationality acts in each of the nations. The implication of holding a nationality in international society in the past was understood to mark the national unity and integrity of the nation. As a result, most of the nations set ‘single nationalitism’ as the basic principle. However, the development of the internet along with rapid development of transportation caused the increase of the number of foreigners staying for long-term, the continuous acknowledgement of conventional status of Koreans that is possessed in foreign countries, the maintenance of outstanding foreign labors, and multi-culturalism, as well as the demand for acknowledgement of multiple citizenship, and Korea is also permitting the possession of multiple citizenship limitedly through the amendment of Nationality Act. The Paragraph 2 of the Article 11 of current Nationality Act stipulates that “Those who have foreign nationality along with the Korean nationality by births or other acts are treated only as the Republic of Koreans in the application of Korean Acts”, clarifying that those with multi-nationalities would only be treated as the citizens of the Republic of Korea by applying the domestic Acts. However, various legislative measures are needed regarding the rights and obligations that can be exercised by the multi-nationals as the citizens of Republic of Korea. The Article 25 of the Constitution regulates that “All citizens have the right to have the public office as prescribed by the law”. The right to have the public office in the Article 25 of the Constitution refers to the right that guarantees the opportunity to take the office whether it is the government affair determined by the Constitution or the government affair determined by the law. Also, as for the right to take the public office, due to the nature and functions of public affairs, except for the cases that are explicitly stipulated in the Constitution, it can be limited as prescribed in the Article 37 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution. Then, as the multi-nationals are admitted as the citizens of Republic of Korea, in the case when limit is applied for the rights to take the office, it would be necessary to confirm whether the validity of the purpose of limit and the predictability of the purpose of the limit are secured. Also, there are no regulations about whether those with multi-nationals are eligible to become the elected officials who can exercise important policy decisions such as national security, maintenance of order, and public welfare, and this also needs legislative review. Accordingly, this writing is intended to examine about the problems and the measures for the improvement of the National Acts regarding the limit of the right to take the public office for the multi-nationals. For this, the foreign legislations would be reviewed first, and after reviewing the status of current law, the legislative measures of improvement regarding the limit of the right to take the office by the multi-nationals are suggested.

목차

【국문초록】

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 외국의 입법례

Ⅲ. 현행법의 현황과 문제점

Ⅳ. 입법적 개선방안

Ⅴ. 결론

【참고문헌】

【Abstract】

키워드

국적 시민권 국적법 복수국적 공무담임권 nationality citizenship nationality Law of Korea multiple nationality Access to Public Office