刍议西山真氏学派对李氏朝鲜王朝儒学的影响

• 영문명: A Study on the Influence of Xishan Zhen School on Confucianism in the Joseon Dynasty
• 발행기관: 한중경제사회연구소
• 저자명: 한신 왕중융
• 간행물 정보: 『한중경제사회연구』제2권 제1호, 24~39쪽, 전체 16쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2025.01.31

국문 초록

西山真氏学派由中国南宋著名理学家真德秀（号西山）所创，该学派对朱子学（程朱理学）之发展厥功至伟。论及韩国历史，朱子学于“丽末鲜初”之际传入，李氏朝鲜以“儒教立国”，朱子学遂成半岛显学，西山真氏学派之相关著作亦随之东传。其中影响之大者，莫过于真德秀之《大学衍义》与《心经》。《大学衍义》系人君治国之学，着重昭明帝王“内圣”之德，后有中国明朝丘濬撰《大学衍义补》，仿真氏所衍之义阐发帝王“外王”之功。《大学衍义》与《大学衍义补》极受朝鲜君主与士林重视，基于此二书之比较研究，朝鲜儒林又有诸多相关著作纷纷问世，推动朝鲜王朝性理学之成就，尤以李珥（号栗谷）之《圣学辑要》为其典范。至于《心经》，乃真德秀辑录传统儒家经典与朱子学之心性论而成，主题始终围绕“治心”二字，集中阐发儒家心性之学，力倡心性修养之工夫，其内在理路显然与陆王心学大相径庭。后中国明朝程敏政作《心经附注》，力崇《心经》中之“主敬”说。此二书东传，深远影响半岛儒学之文化生态。朝鲜王朝朱子学宗师李滉（号退溪）尤因《心经》而赓续程朱，平生尊信而多有诠发，促使韩国儒学心性论之主脉自觉排斥陆王心学之范式。尔后，李氏朝鲜各主要儒家学派皆有《心经》之注释文献，《心经》俨然成为阐释与建构儒门心性之论的重要载体。总之，西山真氏学派的相关著作东传，非但促成韩国儒学本土化、民族化之构建，且益推动儒教文化圈之进步，实为一重要人文启示。其间所蕴之经验与智慧，颇可为今世全球化时代所借鉴与采撷。

영문 초록

The Xishan Zhen School was founded by the renowned Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhen Dexiu in the Southern Song Dynasty, contributing to Zhuxi’s doctrine. In the context of Korean history, Zhuxi’s doctrine were introduced during the Late Goryeo and the Early Joseon Period, and the Joseon Dynasty established itself as a Confucian state, making Zhuxi’s doctrine a prominent scholarly tradition there. The writings of the Xishan Zhen School also spread to Korea during this period, with Zhen's books, particularly Daxue Yanyi and Xinjing, having a profound impact. Daxue Yanyi is focused on the principles of “rule by virtue” and emphasizes the inner moral integrity of the sovereign. This work was later supplemented by Qiu Jun in the Ming Dynasty with Daxue Yanyi Bu, which parallels Zhen's interpretations and elaborates on the concept of external governance by rulers. Both of them were taken very seriously by Joseon monarchs and elites. Based on comparative studies of them, numerous related texts emerged in the Joseon Confucian community, advancing the achievements of Neo-Confucianism. For the Xinjing, its main theme revolves around the concept of “Zhi Xin” and centers on the elaboration of Confucian Xin-Xing studies, strongly advocating for the cultivation of one's inner moral character. The internal logic is clearly distinct from Lu-Wang’s doctrine. Later, Cheng Minzheng, a famous scholar of the Ming Dynasty, authored Xinjing Fuzhu, which strongly endorses "Zhu Jing" attainment found in the Xinjing. The transmission of them significantly influenced the cultural ecology of Confucian scholarship in Korean. The Joseon scholar Li Huang, a prominent figure in Cheng-Zhu’s tradition, particularly valued Xinjing and continued to propagate Zhuxi’s doctrine throughout his life, producing numerous commentaries. This led to a conscious reevaluation in Korean Confucian thought, which began to reject the paradigms of Lu-Wang’s doctrine. To sum up, the eastern dissemination of the writings related to Xishan Zhen School not only facilitated the localization and nationalization of Confucian thought in Korea, but advanced the Confucian cultural community. The experience and wisdom found therein are highly relevant for reference and application in the contemporary globalized world.

목차

1.绪论

2.西山真氏学派的基本学术主张

3.西山真氏学派与李氏朝鲜王朝前中期性理学的发展

4.西山真氏学派东传的当代启示

키워드

朝鲜儒学 《大学衍义》 《心经》 真德秀 西山真氏学派 조선 유학 대학연의 심경 진덕수 서산 진씨 학파 Joseon Confucianism Daxue Yanyi Xinjing Zhen Dexiu Xishan Zhen School