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일제 말기 「국민징용령」에 따른 조선인 노무동원의 시기와 실태

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영문명
The Timing and Real Situation of Labor Mobilization of Koreans according to the “National Service Draft Ordinance” at the end of the Japanese colonial period
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
허광무
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제44집, 5~59쪽, 전체 55쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2023.06.30
9,400

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논문 표지

국문 초록

本研究は、アジア太平洋戦争期における朝鮮人の徴用を実証的に検討したものである。 徴用令発動にともなう朝鮮人労務動員は、これまで1944年8月8日の閣議決 定とそれにともなう9月以後の一般徴用適用というのが主な認識だった。1939年 の労務動員計画にともなう朝鮮人の日本への「集団移入」は、募集、官斡 旋、徴用という方式で施行された。そしてそれぞれの動員方式は日本政府の 閣議決定という政策的判断により展開されてきた。1939年の募集、1942年の官 斡旋、1944年の徴用はいずれもこのような政策決定の結果であった。「国民徴 用令」は、1939年7月に制定され朝鮮では同年10月1日に施行されることとなっ た。しかし徴用令発動に対する「民族的抵抗」を憂慮してその発動を留保し、 1944年に初めて発動されたというのが既存研究における認識だった。 このような認識は、その後ほとんど批判されることなく引き継がれた。1944年ま で持ち越されたという理由についても、見直されることはなかった。1939年10月1 日の施行から1944年8月8日の閣議決定までの空白、徴用令発動の留保は果 たして「民族的抵抗」だけで説明できるものなのか? 日本政府は、徴用令の発動がややもすると経済を撹乱し且つ国民的抵抗を もたらしかねないことを憂慮し、制定当初から施行に慎重だった。ところが、戦況が悪化すると、対象を拡大したり国家性を明確にするなど、労務の強権的な 再配置を強化していった。1944年には軍需物資拡充のために最大規模の民間 事業場拡大を行った。反面、労務者は兵力充当などで前年の3分の1水準に 落ち込んだ。もはや強力な労務再配置に依らなければ必要な労務者は獲得で きない。朝鮮人の徴用令発動は、このような状況で採られた措置だと思われ る。 ただし、1944年の閣議決定によるものだという説明をあざ笑うかの様に徴用令 はそれ以前からすでに施行されていた。ということは、この時の閣議決定は、膨 大な労務再配置を目の当たりにして、すでに施行していた徴用令を広範囲に適 用することを追認乃至容認する政策決定に過ぎなかったのである

영문 초록

This article is an empirical review of the way Koreans were forcibly mobilized by issuing a conscription order during the Asia-Pacific War. In the meantime, the labor mobilization of Koreans following the issuance of the draft ordinance has been largely recognized as the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944, and the application of general labor after September. According to the 1939 Labor Mobilization Plan, the “collective transfer” of Koreans was implemented in a way of recruitment, government arrangement, and recruitment. And each mobilization method was changed according to the policy judgment of the Japanese government’s cabinet decision. Recruitment in 1939, government mediation in 1942, and conscription in 1944 were all the results of such policy decisions. National draft was enacted in July 1939 under the enactment of the “National Service Draft Ordinance” and was implemented on October 1 of the same year in Joseon. However, it is recognized in existing studies that it was first invoked in 1944 after hesitating to invoke it out of fear of “national resistance” to the invocation of the conscription decree. This perception was almost uncritically accepted. There was no review of the reason for the delay until 1944. Can the gap from the enforcement of October 1, 1939 to the Cabinet decision of August 8, 1944 be explained by ‘national resistance’? The Japanese government was cautious from the beginning of the enactment, fearing that the invocation of the draft ordinance would disrupt the economy and bring about public resistance. Then, as the war situation worsened, the government strengthened the strong relocation of labor by expanding the target and clarifying the nationality. 1944 was the year when the largest expansion of private businesses was made to expand military supplies. On the other hand, the number of workers plunged to one-third of the previous year due to the provision of troops. Against this background, the Korean people’s invocation of the requisition order was necessary for strong labor relocation. This is the background of the 1944 announcement, known as “national resistance.” In addition, the invocation of the requisition order was already in effect before that, overshadowing the explanation that it was in accordance with the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944. In fact, the Cabinet’s decision was nothing more than a policy decision that tolerated the reality that the draft ordinance had no choice but to be widely applied to relocate labor to a vast private workplace.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 「국민징용령」 발동에 대한 학계의 인식
Ⅲ. 「국민징용령」 제정과 인력의 강제적 재배치
Ⅳ. 조선인 노무자 동원 실태
Ⅴ. 맺음말

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APA

허광무. (2023).일제 말기 「국민징용령」에 따른 조선인 노무동원의 시기와 실태. 韓日民族問題硏究, (), 5-59

MLA

허광무. "일제 말기 「국민징용령」에 따른 조선인 노무동원의 시기와 실태." 韓日民族問題硏究, (2023): 5-59

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