보험계약에 대한 적합성 원칙의 적용에 관한 소고

• 영문명: A Brief Study for Applying Suitability Rule in An Insurance Contract - Focused on a Bill for Protecting Financial Consumers and Insurtech
• 발행기관: 한국보험법학회
• 저자명: 조동관(Jo, Dong Kwan)
• 간행물 정보: 『보험법연구』제14권 제1호, 351~378쪽, 전체 28쪽
• 주제분류: 법학 > 법학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2020.02.28

국문 초록

2011년 11월에 금융위원회가 처음 입법예고한 ‘금융소비자 보호에 관한 법률(안)’이 8년 정도의 시간이 흐른 2019년 11월에 국회 정무위원회 심사를 마치고 제정법으로서 마지막 관문을 앞두고 있다. 이 법안에서는 일반적 보험계약에 대해서도 적합성 원칙을 적용하여 보험소비자를 보호하고자 한다. 금융위원회의 이러한 정책 방향에 대해서는 미국·영국·독일·일본의 입법례를 참고하건데 획일적으로 긍정과 부정의 평가를 할 수 없다. 각국의 입법례는 자국의 보험 산업 환경과 법률 문화에 적정한 입법을 한 것일 뿐이다. 다만 보험계약에 대한 적합성 원칙의 적용을 확대하는 문제는 국회 정무위원회 전체회의를 통과한 사실로 이미 입법자의 승인을 얻은 것이라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 우리에게 남겨진 과제는 우리의 보험 산업 환경이 처한 현실에서 적합성 원칙을 어떻게 적용할 것인지의 문제라고 할 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 이 글에서는 인슈어테크와 보험업자의 재무 건전성 악화가 해당 문제에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그리고 결론적으로 보험업자가 인슈어테크 등으로 보험계약자의 정보를 파악한 경우에 적합성 원칙의 이행을 법적으로 어떻게 평가할 것인지에 관하여 금융위원회의 명확한 정리가 필요하다는 제언을 하였다.

영문 초록

The Financial Services Commission (hereinafter “FSC”) introduced a bill for protecting financial consumers before the National Assembly (hereinafter “NA”) in November 2011. According to our Constitution, an agency of governmental services can introduce their bills before NA. After almost 8 years passed, the Strategy and Finance Committee of NA (hereinafter “SFC”) finalized its work of reviewing 11 bills for protecting financial products consumers (hereinafter “FOCs”) in November 2019. The bill of FSC intended to protect FOCs more widely through applying the suitability rule additionally to general insurance products. The rule is one of the measures which protect FOCs. It requests that an insurance business should ask some questions to a policyholder to get information of aims, needs, experiences, assets and so on from him or her. The rule comes from the “know-your-customer” rule of New York Stock Exchanges (NYSE rule 405) of USA. It didn t work for protecting FOCs at first. It worked for protecting members of NYSE. After boiler-room cases made the big chaos in the 1970s, it has worked for protecting FOCs. However, it doesn t work if a FOC would wish to invest her assets aggressively. That is the limit of the rule. In the EU, The United Kingdom and Germany followed the Directive of the EU (Directive 2002/92/EC) which includes the rule but there are differences between the UK and Germany. The UK produced the Insurance Code of Business (hereinafter “ICOB”) to respect the self-regulation of insurance business associations. The ICOB takes its stance on the principle-based regulation. Germany also put the Directive into the Insurance Contract Act (hereinafter “VVA”) section 6. The standard is, however, the Directive of the EU if it needs to judge that there were violations of the VVA section 6. The legislation of Japan is very similar to us. The laws of financial regulation are separated by an area of financial business. The rule in Japan applies only to the area of investment business. Not the insurance business. In November 2019, SFC resolved its alternative bill which was based on the FSC s bill and included that the rule applied widely to the general insurance products. A matter of applying the rule has therefore moved into what the FSC should establish for its regulation to apply the rule practically. After the FSC introduced its bill before the NA at first, things are changed dramatically during the last 10 years. Insurtech (insurance + technology) has come up surprisingly and the financial structure of insurance businesses has gone down seriously. the FSC should consider that the environment of the insurance business is changed and that the insurance itself is changing into the management of risks. In the legal aspects of that, the FSC should establish its regulation guidelines for the legal standard in case the rule is accomplished by Insurtech.

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 주요국의 적합성 원칙 입법례와 국회정무위원회의 법안 심사

Ⅲ. 보험 환경의 변화: 인슈어테크와 보험업자의 재무 건전성 악화

Ⅳ. 결론: 보험 환경 변화에 맞춘 적합성 원칙의 운용

키워드

적합성 원칙 금융소비자 보호에 관한 법률(안) 인슈어테크 재무 건전성 보험 환경 변화 suitability rule financial products consumers Financial Services Commission Strategy and Finance Committee Insurtech