태평양전쟁 말기의 수인(囚人) 동원 연구(1943~1945)*－형무소 보국대를 중심으로－

• 영문명: A Study on the Mobilization of Prisoners in the Late Wartime Period (1943~1945) －with a focus on the National Protection Corps of Prisoners－
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 이종민(Lee, Jong-Min)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제33집, 1~45쪽, 전체 45쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.12.30

국문 초록

本稿の目的は、アジア太平洋戦争末期刑務所の労務動員が朝鮮半島の 内外で大規模で行われていたことを解明し、全国的な動員の実態を国内動員 動員を中心にまとめることである。そのため、総督府行刑課の文書や雑誌(ꡔ治 刑ꡕ)そして関連者(刑務官吏及敎誨詞)や受刑者の回顧談などの資料を参考に した。 戰時體制の開始から刑務作業の中心は軍需品の生産になり、1943年になっ てからは報國隊が組織され囚人を遠距離の作業現場へ長期派遣する労務動 員が始まった。軍の要請に従い全国の刑務所から囚人を集め海南島に送るほ か朝鮮北部の軍需工場や鑛山そして全国のあらゆる土木工事に動員した。 行刑當局は、囚人動員のため、体力や学力その他の心身條件に合わせて 受容の範囲を細かく調整する一方、非轉向の思想犯は動員から排除し統制を 図った。囚人たちは、動員に對備し軍事訓鍊や日本語敎育、そして敎誨を通 じ皇民化の錬成をうけることになった。囚人の自願をすすめるため假釋放制度な ど刑期の短縮を前提にする法制も戦時體制で急進展された。 動員された囚人たちは、もっとも安い報酬や過酷な住居及び給食の条件の 中でも一般の労務者より相對的により多くかつより早く作業をせざるを得ない状況に立っていた。なお戦争による刑務管理職の空白を補うため、監視補助の役 割も果たすことになった。しかし、戦争末期になるほど囚人に対する報償はまとも に作動せず、苛酷な状況の中で逃走や發病また死亡率が急激にあがり、多 数の犠牲者が出た。

영문 초록

This article aims to shed light on the wartime labor mobilization of prisoners on a large scale in/across colonial Korea and beyond during the late wartime period. More specifically, this article reveals the logic and mode of mobilization, and sorts out nationwide mobilization cases in colonial Korea. To this end, this article draws on documents and magazines published by the criminal administration of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, as well as the memoirs of prisoners and prison staff including prison administrators and prison chaplains. With the onset of the wartime system, the labor work in prisons centered on the production of military supplies. In 1943, the labor mobilization began to organize the National Protection Corps and dispatch them to remote workplaces. For example, at the requests of the military, prisoners were selected and sent to Hainan Island, while others were sent to military factories and mining fields in the northern part of the country. The authorities specified and adjusted the criteria for imprisonment based on education, physical strength, and other physical and mental conditions. Unconverted ideological offenders were excluded from the mobilization, and instead put under separate control. In preparation for mobilization, the prisoners trained in military drills, received Japanese language education, and underwent assimilation as imperial subjects through the preaching in prison. In order to induce prisoners to volunteer, a legislation system based on the shortening of the prison terms, including the parole system, was also promoted under the wartime system. As a result, prisoners were forced to work harder and faster even under the lowest of wages, poor food and poor housing conditions, and they also filled vacancies in managerial positions by serving as supervisory assistants. The reward system for them, however, did not function properly towards the end of the war, and the number of escapes and infectious outbreaks, as well as mortality rates rapidly increased under the harsh conditions.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 전시체제하 수인 노무 동원의 배경과 근거

Ⅲ. 수인동원의 유형과 전국적 동원실태

Ⅳ. 맺음말

키워드

보국대 National Protection Corps(報國隊) 태평양전쟁 Asia-pacific War 전시체제 Wartime regime 형무소 Prison 노무동원 Labor mobilization