청년여성의 직업훈련 참여실태와 정책과제

• 영문명: Participation of young women in vocational training, and policy proposals
• 발행기관: 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원)
• 저자명: 신선미(Seon-Mee Shin) 김영옥(Young-Ock KIM) 김종숙(Jong-soog KIM) 안준기(Junki AHN)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서』2018 연구보고서 (기본), 1~248쪽, 전체 248쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2018.12.31

국문 초록

1. 연구개요 가. 연구목적 청년여성은 남성에 비해 직업세계에 진출하는 연령이 낮고 교육수준과 학업성취도가 남성보다 높은 편이나 취업은 더 힘들다. 또한 취업자의 경우에도 여성이 남성에 비해 비정규직 비율이 높다. 직업훈련은 비취업에서 취업으로의 이동은 물론, 이미 취업한 근로자의 직업안정과 발전을 도모하는데, 청년층 취업난의 심화로 청년층을 위한 직업훈련 예산이 크게 증가하였다. 이에 이 연구는 청년층의 직업훈련 참여기회와 성과가 성별에 따라 차이가 있는가를 점검하여 그 격차를 해소하기 위한 정책과제를 제안하고자 한다. 또한 남녀 청년에게 공통으로 나타나는 문제에 대해 청년여성에게 필요한 대응방안을 제안하고자 한다. 나. 연구문제 ○ 청년여성에게 직업훈련은 어떤 의미가 있는가? 공급자와 수요자 관점에서 직업훈련의 목적과 역할은 무엇인가? ○ 남성과 여성 사이에 참여기회와 성과의 차이가 있는가? ○ 청년층에게 제공되는 직업훈련이 청년여성이 원하는 직업훈련의 방향과 내용에 부합하는가? ○ 청년여성에게 필요한 직업훈련정책은 무엇인가? 다. 연구방법 ○ 문헌분석 - 직업훈련에 관한 국가 법령, 학술논문, 정책 보고서, 해외 자료 등 ○ 국가통계자료 분석 - 경제활동인구조사 청년층 부가조사(2004-2016) - 지역별고용조사(2014년 상반기) - 대졸자 직업이동 경로조사(2008-2015년 조사) ○ 정부 행정 DB 분석 - 재정지원 일자리사업 행정 DB인 일모아 시스템, 직업훈련 시스템인 HRD-net의 자료를 고용보험 DB와 연계하여 분석 ○ 심층 면접조사 - 통계자료 분석으로 파악하기 어려운 직업훈련 참여 경험과 훈련 성과의 질적 측면을 분석하기 위해 심층면접조사 실시 - 청년여성 : 대학 재학생 및 대졸 미취업자 3명, 대졸 비정규직 9명, 대졸 정규직 2명, 총 14명을 4개 집단으로 나누어 집단 면접 실시 - 훈련기관 관계자 및 연구자 : 청년취업아카데미 운영자, 취업성공패키지 상담사, 여성인력개발기관 운영자, 대학일자리센터 운영자, 폴리텍 고급 직업훈련 운영자 등 총 16명을 대상으로 집단면접과 개인면접조사 병행 ○ 전문가 자문회의 운영 - 청년층 직업훈련 관련분야 전문가에 대한 심층 면접조사(5인)를 포함 다양한 전문가 참여 - 2017년 한국여성학회 추계학술대회에 참여하여 연구결과 및 정책제안에 관한 토론 실시

영문 초록

The importance of vocational training is expected to grow even more significant from a mid-to long-term perspective with technology advancement, economic crises, aging society, women’s increased participation in economic activities, and etc.. Since 2008, the budget allocated for vocational training has increased the most in youth employment policy. This research intends to analyze if there exist any gender differences in the opportunity to participate and the achievements from participation in vocational training, as well as suggest policy tasks to resolve the gender gap. In addition, with regard to the problems that are common for both male and female youths, this paper suggests measures to address the problems faced by female youths. The issues dealt with in this research are as follows: 1) What meaning does vocational training has for female youths? What are the purpose and role of vocational training to them? 2) Are there any gender differences in opportunities for participation and achievements from vocational training? 3) Do the content and direction of vocational training provided to the youth match what female youths want from vocational training? 4) What is the kind of vocational training policy required for female youths? To seek the answers to these issues, relevant literature and national statistical data were analyzed, and in-depth interviews (14 female youths, and 16 workers in training organizations and researchers) and a consultation meeting of professionals were held. The meaning and role of vocational training have gradually expanded since the 1960s. The vocational training in the 1960s and 1970s concentrated on fostering skilled manpower. In the 1980s, the subjects of vocational training started to expand to include all workers, and vocational training for the middleaged, the elderly, women and persons with disabilities were strengthened. The focus of vocational training since 1990s has been the lifelong enhancement of workplace competencies of all workers. The OECD member countries that have more advanced vocational training systems have institutionalized ‘career guidance’ alongside vocational training. Female youths in Korea reckon that vocational training is designed for acquiring skills required for actual duties or developing adaptability to actual duties, and do not feel its necessity. 87% of female youths in the 18th to 24th month after college graduation are found to have never received vocational training. It turned out that 52.4% of them did not feel the necessity of vocational training. The gender gap in the opportunities to participate in vocational training was mainly found in government-aided vocational training. Women’s participation was particularly low in training courses that accompany a long training period, relatively high in cost, and connection to employment for their focus on technology. These include the training courses for jobs in key national strategic industries, those for fostering professional manpower in natural science or engineering and skilled manpower, and those for expansion of equipment, etc. Looking at the participation rate of youth population in vocational training regardless of whether government aid is provided or not, no significant differences between genders were found, except for the gender gap revealed in some low-ranking groups. For instance, more female youths participated in vocational training than male youths in the group of the unemployed who has graduated from school, in contrast more male youths than female youths participated in vocational training in the group youths who are still students or who are participating in economic activities.

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 선행연구 검토

Ⅲ. 청년층의 직업훈련 참여와 훈련성과의 성별 차이

Ⅳ. 정부지원 직업훈련에 여성의 참여 현황과 성과

Ⅴ. 청년여성의 직업훈련 참여실태 면접조사

Ⅵ. 결론 및 정책제안