‘일반적으로 승인된 국제법규’와 보호책임(R2P)

• 영문명: ‘Generally Acknowledged International Laws’ and Responsibility of Protect(R2P) - on the point of view ‘World Pacifism’ and International Conventions on Human Rights -
• 발행기관: 세계헌법학회 한국학회
• 저자명: 박선영(PARK, Sun Young)
• 간행물 정보: 『세계헌법연구』世界憲法硏究 第20卷 第2號, 61~93쪽, 전체 33쪽
• 주제분류: 법학 > 법학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2014.08.31

국문 초록

1ㆍ2차 세계대전 이후 세계 각국은 국제평화주의를 헌법에 명문화하고, 지역안보도 강과했지만 세계 곳곳은 여전히 화약고다. 국제사회는 전쟁이 군비경쟁이나 위하력 과시로 예방할 수 없음을 깨닫고, 전쟁을 막고 평화를 구축하기 위한 집단안보체제를 강화하기 위한 각종 국제기구를 신설하거나, 기존 기구에서는 21세기에 즈음하여 인권보장을 통한 세계평화 구축이라는 새로운 시도를 하기 시작했다. 대표적으로 UN은 다양한 결의를 통해 강제력을 담보하기 위한 각종 국제인권규약을 만들고, 전쟁과 테러, 집단학살, 인신매매 등 인간의 존엄성을 침해하는 반인도적 범죄(Crimes against Humanity)에 대해서는 ‘인도적 간섭(Humanitarian Intervention)’ 이론을 적용하면서 조사위원회(Commission of Inquiry) 활동결과에 따라서는 무력사용도 가능하도록 하고 있다. 이처럼 변화된 UN의 세계평화정착 노력과 새로운 인권보장매커니즘의 실행 사례 가운데 하나로 2014. 3. 17. 북한인권조사위원회는 북한의 인권침해실태와 대응방안을 담은 최종보고서를 발표하면서, 국제사회의 ‘보호책임(Responsibility of Protect, R2P)’의 당위성과 필요성을 권고하고, 국제사법재판소(ICC)나 UN특별법정 등에 북한지도부의 제소를 주장했다. 본고에서는 이같은 국제규범의 변화현실 속에서 현행헌법 제6조 제1항이 규정하고 있는‘일반적으로 승인된 국제법규’의 개념과 내용, 국내에서의 적용현실을 살펴보고, 인도적 간섭이나 보호책임과 같이 형성중인 연성법(sofrt law)이 국제평화의 구현방법으로서 국제(인권)법으로 존중받을 수 있는지에 관하여 우리 헌법이 지향하고 있는 국제평화주의와 국제법 존중이라는 관점에서 살펴본다.

영문 초록

After First and Second World War, world nations have codified ‘International pacifism’ in their own constitutions and strengthened regional security. However, some regions are still remained as powder keg. International society had clearly realised that it is impossible to vanish violences by previous methods such as power-prevention. Therefore, the world nations have started to cooperate each other. New International Governmental Organisations are established to secure regional collective security. Also there was an attempt for World Peace establishment through Human Rights Guarantee. It is the most case that United Nations have approved several International Human Right regulation which can lead forcible actions. Especially, ‘Crimes against Humanity’which violates crucial human rights such as wars and terrors, mass killings, and human trafficking is likely to lead ‘Humanitarian Intervention’ by World nations. United Nations Commission of Inquiry takes a role of investigating such International crimes and they are allowed to recommend military actions for such cases. Final report of North Korea Commission of Inquiry at 17th, March 2014 over 370 pages has clearly finalised its description how cruel Human Rights in N. Korea is. It is one of cases that shows successful works of United Nations which has worked for World Peace and Human Right dignity. North Korean Commission of Inquiry has insisted World Society lacks Responsibility to Protect about North Korea and it recommended to send the leader of North Korea Kim Jung Eun to International Criminal Court. Responsibility to Protect(R2P) is a sovereign responsibility, not a privilege to override or control the new international norm. But R2P principle is not yet established as a solid fundamental norm like a Geneva Agreements on POWs or on Genocide or Treaty for the Renunciation of War. But following the genocide in Kosovo and Rwanda in the 1990s, the government of Canada led the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) found that ‘if inhuman acts of destruction of human life were committed within the country, the international community should bear the responsibility for the protection of human rights.’ The so-called ‘Responsibility to Protect’ was presented to the international community and began to be established as a soft law. That means the morality of international relations has been transformed from the paradigm of war into the paradigm of legal peace. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the necessity of recreating the concept of an individual country’s sovereignty and international laws as the ‘generally acknowledged international laws’ of the Article 6 on the Korean Constitutional Law.

목차

Ⅰ. 序

Ⅱ. ‘일반적으로 승인된 국제법규’

Ⅲ. 국제평화주의와 인권보장

Ⅳ. R2P의 국제법규성

Ⅴ. 북한인권문제와 국제기구

Ⅵ. 국제평화주의 관점에서 본 보편적 인권보장을 위한 헌법적 과제

키워드

세계평화주의 ‘일반적으로 승인된 국제법규’ 보호책임 형성중인 연성법 UN인권보장 매커니즘 World Pacifism ‘generally acknowledged international laws’ Responsibility to Protect(R2P) developing soft law International Organization Human Rights Mechanism