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植民地時期 朝鮮人의 南洋群島 移住實態(1914~1938)

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영문명
Korean Emigration to South Sea Islands 1914~1938
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
金明煥(Kim, Myung-Hwan)
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제16집, 5~50쪽, 전체 46쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2009.06.30
8,320

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논문 표지

국문 초록

本稿では、1914年~1938年にかけて南洋群島へ移住した朝鮮人の移住実態について、朝鮮人の人口動向の変化を中心に考察した。このことを通じて確認されたことを整理すると以下の様である。朝鮮人の南洋群島移住は、1910年代末のサイパンとコスラエの日本人農場への朝鮮人数百名が送出されたことから始まる。初期の移住者の場合は、労働条件が劣悪だったようで、会社側の契約違反の是正を求めながらストライキを展開したりもした。ストライキは、朝鮮人の本国送還でもって落着した。しかし、これらの経験は南洋群島の日本人にして、朝鮮人は労務者としては適していないとの認識を持たせ、このことが後に展開される朝鮮人の移住に否定的影響を及ぼしたと考えられる。1920年代半ばにおける南洋群島居住の朝鮮人は、1910年代末のそれに比べて減少しつつあったことがその証左である。1920年~1930年代にかけての朝鮮人の南洋群島移住は小規模に止まった様に見られる。1938年当時の朝鮮人人口は704名で、全体の1%に過ぎなかった。居住地域の分布も傾いており、1930年代においても約70%がサイパンに居住していた。これは、サイパンは当時製糖産業が盛んであった反面、他地域は産業発達が遅れていたためであろう。朝鮮人の性比構成をみると、男性比率が高いなか、1930年代は1920年代に比べて女性人口の比重が増加しつつあり、移住形態が男性の単身出稼ぎ中心から、夫婦または家族単位へと漸次変化しつつあったことを物語っている。朝鮮人の南洋群島移住の事例としては、1938年のサイパン移住がある。ところが、移住を目前にして違約金の賠償問題が持ち上がったり、移住した朝鮮人からには生活費の送金要請があったとの内容が当時の新聞から発見できる。これをみると、移住過程及び現地定着において少なからざる問題が生じていたことが窺われる。要するに、1914年~1938年にかけての朝鮮人の南洋群島移住は、低調であったことが認められる。これは、南洋群島の拓殖担当の主体たる者たちが、1910年代末の経験から影響され、朝鮮人労務者を積極的に取り入れなかったからであると考えられる。その上、朝鮮総督府はすでに満州や日本等への移住が進んでいる中、別途の人口流出政策を講じる必要はなく、また朝鮮人にとっても居住対象としての南洋群島は認識度が低かったと思われる。このような朝鮮内部における諸状況も背後にあったと思われる。

영문 초록

In this paper, I dealt with the Korean emigration to South Sea Islands, going through the change in Korean population from 1914 to 1938 there. By analyzing that, I concluded as below; Korean emigration to South Sea Islands began with hundreds of laborers sent to a farm owned by Japanese in Saipan and Kosrae in the late 1910s. At the early stage of emigration, the emigrants were under the harsh condition and they sometimes went on strikes demanding that the farm owners should reform their labor condition because they broke the contracts with laborers. In most cases, those strikes ended in repatriating he Koreans to the homeland. In the process, it seems that Japanese in South Sea Islands thought that Koreans were not suitable as laborers and this kind of negative concept influenced the Korea emigration. As a result, in the middle 1920s Korean population decreased compared to in the late 1910s. Korean emigration in the 1920s and 1930s was in small scale. Only 704 Koreans resided in South Sea Islands, which meant 1% of the whole population. And their concentration on the living areas was apparent. In the early 1920', most Koreans lived in Saipan and in the 1930s, about 70% of Koreans lived in Saipan. It was because the sugar related industry prospered there while there was almost no factories in other regions. About gender ratio, male population always outnumbered but female population had more ratio in the 1930s than in the 1920s, which means that emigration by families increased. In the case study of emigration to Saipan in 1938, I clarified that there were many problems in the process of emigrating and settling. According to newspaper articles, dispute for compensation occurred because of breaking contracts before emigrating and those who had already emigrated asked their relatives for money. The overall emigration from 1914 to 1938 was sluggish. This fact resulted from the passive introduction of Koreans by the colonial authorities because of their experience in the late 1910s. As Koreans already kept on emigrate to Manchuria and Japan, the Japanese authorities did not have to plan another emigration route and Koreans also had very little knowledge about South Sea Islands as their destination for emigration.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 일본의 남양군도 점령과 위임통치
Ⅲ. 군정시기 조선인 이주실태
Ⅳ. 남양청 설립 이후 조선인 인구추세
Ⅴ. 1930년대 조선인의 사이판 이주사례
Ⅵ. 결론

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APA

金明煥(Kim, Myung-Hwan). (2009).植民地時期 朝鮮人의 南洋群島 移住實態(1914~1938). 韓日民族問題硏究, 16 , 5-50

MLA

金明煥(Kim, Myung-Hwan). "植民地時期 朝鮮人의 南洋群島 移住實態(1914~1938)." 韓日民族問題硏究, 16.(2009): 5-50

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