중ㆍ동유럽의 민주화 : 헝가리 체제전환 사례

• 영문명: The East-Central European Democratization : A Hungarian Case
• 발행기관: 한국중동부유럽학회
• 저자명: 김성진(Sung-Jin KIM)
• 간행물 정보: 『동유럽발칸학』동유럽발칸학 창간호, 253~281쪽, 전체 29쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1999.12.30

영문 초록

The most traditional and conventional problem of political science has been that of nalyzing 'democratization'. The term /democracy’ indicates both a set of ideals and a political system The collapse of the old political system in Central and Eastern Europe had been one of the most dramatic since the end of the World War II. However, there is not yet a general theory on the transition from the Communist system to democracy. We have only the indirectly applicable theories for the early democratic transitions in Lation America and Southern Europe. The theories on the past two experiences of democratization are partly or fully relevant to understand the transition process in East-Central Europe. The process of transition involves two analytically distinct but empirically interrelated phenomenon the dismantling the ancien regime and the emerging the new one. G. O'Donnel and his colleagues defined ’transition’ as "the interval between one political regime and another". Especially they had identified the 4 central elements of the transitions as follows; a split within the regine between hard-liners , a pact-making or negotiated agreements , popular mobilization and founding elections. The political process of transition in Hungary was verified to satisfy the framework suggested by a’Donne!. It was really peaceful one. The soft-liners constituted of reform-oriented econimists and technocrats who had carried out the economic reform in the Kadar system. While the apearance of the democratic opposition in 1977 was directly influenced by the 77 chart in Prague.They had strengthened their political position in the second half of the 1980s when the Kadar system had fallen into the 'protracted crisis'. And finally they became political partners of the reformwings in the ruling circle. The peaceful revolution of the 1989 was achieved by the ’political negotiation' from two camps. This process continued through the Opposition Roundtable to the National Roundtable talks. The systemic change in Hungary was made by the negotiations, so it could be called as "negotiated revolutions." The Civil Society and People, however, were thorougly alienated from the political process. The low turn-out in the election may be a indications of the alienation.

목차

1. 머리말

2. 中ㆍ東유럽의 정치문화 : 中유럽 Vs. 東유럽

3. 헝가리 사회주의 체제의 본질

4. 대안적 정치세력의 형성과 시민사회

5. 체제 전환을 위한 협상 : 원탁회의

6. 비교정치학적 관점에서의 헝가리 체제 전환

7. 맺는말