『미국 역사 표준서』와 개정판을 둘러싼 논쟁

• 영문명: Controversies on National Standards for History and Its Revised Edition
• 발행기관: 한국아메리카학회
• 저자명: 손세호(Se-Ho Son)
• 간행물 정보: 『미국학논집』제36집 3호, 102~130쪽, 전체 29쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.12.01

영문 초록

  In the middle of 1990s there had been severe war over history, "Whose history should be taught in the schools?" in the United States. It was originated from the project of National Standards for History. The Standards were planned as a teacher"s manual about how and what to teach in history class in the elementary and secondary schools.
  However, Lynne V. Cheney, the former director of Natioal Endowment for Humanities, wrote an article whose title was "The End of History" in The Wall Street Journal on September 20th, 1994, denouncing the Standards as the product of those who were pursuing the revisionist agenda. She blamed the authors of the Standards with political correctness, excessive multiculturalism and neglecting America"s many heroes and triumphs. Cheney"s article was enough not only to shock the members of National Center for History in Schools (NCHS), but also to make the controversy over America"s past raged in the national press and in the Congress.
  It was very questionable why she change her initial friendly attitude toward the National Standards and moreover why the Congress as well as several mass media & broadcasting showed support for her position, This doesn"t just mean to reflect a Cheney"s political power and social status. It seems; to me that it reveals some elements of the conflicts among politics, society, culture and history in America and the direction of American future history education. To understand the controversies on the National Standards would be a mirror to observe both American history war and culture war surrounded in either acceptance or exclusion on the multiculturalism.
  Thus I researched the planning background of National Standards and organization procedures of NCHS. Secondly, I examined what the controversial issues about National Standards. And finally, I compared the original issues of National Standards with those of revised edition.
  In this research I carne to the following conclusions. First of all, the debates of National Standards were a battle between neo-conservatives and liberals. Cheney wanted to have hegemony in history education in the position of neo-conservatives. She didn"t follow the flow of change in history. It has shifted since 1970s from traditional history focus on politics to new social history which emphasized "history from the bottom up" and "everyday life of ordinary people." Thus it can be said that National Standards reflected the viewpoints of new social historians. However, it would be difficult to conclude the new social historians won in this argument, because it will take more time to see how many schools to adopt history textbooks based on National Standards.

목차

머리말
Ⅰ. 『표준서』프로젝트의 입안 배경과 NCHS의 조직
Ⅱ. 『표준서』에 대한 합의 도출 과정
Ⅲ. 『미국사 표준서』를 둘러싼 논쟁
Ⅳ. 『표준서』개정판을 둘러싼 논쟁
맺음말
인용 문헌
Abstract

키워드

『미국 역사 표준서』 린 체니 미국 역사교육센터 미국사 교육 개리 내쉬 신사회사 National Standards for History Lynne V. Cheney National Center for History in Schools teaching American history Gary B. Nash new social history