중앙아시아의 소수민족관계 연구 : 카자흐스탄 사례를 중심으로 - 카자흐스탄의 다민족 문화공동체 형성에 대한 역사적 접근

• 영문명: Research on the ethnic minority relation in central asia: focused on historical approach to the development of multiethnic community in Kazakhstan
• 발행기관: 한국중동학회
• 저자명: 김상철(Kim Sang-Cheol)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국중동학회논총』제28권 제1호, 347~385쪽, 전체 39쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2007.08.30

영문 초록

  Ethnic feature of contemporary central asia can be summarized as multiethnic community and this feature is especially distinctive in the Kazakhstan. On the historical basis ethnic kazakh had various asiatic tribal origin and during imperial russian period big number of slavic ethnic groups and various european ethnic groups established their communities in the territory of contemporary kazakhstan.
  With establishing half-independent mongolian khanaid in the 14th century single nomad kazakh economic zone was established and it became the foundation of ethnic kazakh tribe. In the 1420ties two new turk group nogai hord and uzbek Khanaid was appeared. Two sons of Barak Khan, who was one of major group in Uzbek Khanaid, Janni Bek & Kirai moved from western mogolistan to the territory of Shaibanid Khan Abul Khayr Khan with his followers. After this independent Kazakh ethnic group existed and competition between Uzbek & Kazakh continued to the end of 15th century. At the 16th century Kazakh Ethnic group was tribe alliance which was composed of different ethnic origin.
  After 16th century Kazakh ethnic group was transformed into three Zuzs. Big zuz was mainly made by 10 usun tribe alliances, which resided at semirechi region. Small zuz had character of kinship alliances, called by Altsin Kinship community. From the beginning of 17th century mongolian nomad Kalmyks migrated into eastern territory of Kazakhs. Kalmyks regularly assaulted kazakh nomads. With this situation of steppe unstablized and trade between west and east with Kazakhstani silkroad was limited and caused into isolation from world trade system. So most nomad tribes & ethnic groups in this region competed for pasture in this region to survive.
  In the 18th century imperial Russia already merged most of south ural,  volga region and siberian regions into advanced into the territory of russia. With this territorial expansion pasture lands of kazakh nomad were surrounded by fortress line of imperial russia, except southern and western region. This encircle in north and east caused to land problems in small and middle zuz. Imperial Russia tried to stabilize it"s front fortresses by compromise with Khan of small and middle zuz. During this momently stable period imperial russia organized trade post and town following it"s fortress line.
  In this period small and middle zuz were officially protectorate of imperial russia, but not the territory of russia itself. Under this ambiguous situation only ruling leader of two zuzs received protection from russia for their authority and safe guarantee against jungarians" threatening. So russian government didn"t want to introduce new administrative organization, because new administration in steppe could incur resistance from usual nomads and really imperial government had no preparation for introducing new administrative system in the steppe.
  Introducing new administrative system into the steppe began to center for the need of new market for russian commodities. From that time russia actively started to industrialize, but low quality russian products, Russian companies prefer asian new market than european market. So russian government actively intervened the process of administrative reorganization in the small & middle zuz. New administrative system introduced from 1824 in the middle zuz and from 1831 small zuz was divided into distantiya. And russian government facilitated and tightened this process by enlarging front fortresses in the steppe.
  With new administrative system, settlement migration of russian farmers & other european ethnic immigrants into the steppe also caused to big changes life style in the Kazakh steppe.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 근대화 이전 중앙아시아 사회의 형성과 변천
Ⅲ. 제정러시아의 중앙아시아 진출과 다민족공동체의 형성
Ⅳ. 19세기 카자흐스탄 사회의 변화와 다민족사회 형성
Ⅴ. 결론
참고문헌

키워드

카자흐스탄 카자흐 러시아 다민족사회 중앙아시아 Kazakhstan Kazakh Russia Multiethnic community Central Asia