제2차 세계대전 전시범죄와일본 책임에 대한 고찰

• 영문명: A Study on World War II wartime crimes and Japanese responsibility
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 서인원(In-Won Seo)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제47집, 195~235쪽, 전체 41쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2024.12.31

국문 초록

We focused on cases of damage to Asian countries and citizens in World War II related to war and international crimes, and analyzed issues of identification and compensation for war responsibility. First, in war and international crimes had already been formed international norms and punishment practices for war crimes at the time, and the types and punishments of war crimes against peace and humanity expanded after World War. However, the reason that the crime against humanity was not applied to Asian countries rather than to European countries at that time was due to the expediency of the former victorious countries and racial prejudice, which was different from political intention. Recently, there has been a shift toward victim-centeredness due to the structural change in international law, and the number of cases in which colonial rule is recognized as state responsibility is increasing. As victims of forced mobilization are still filing lawsuits against Japanese companies and the Japanese government, the Japanese government must invoke the cases of Germany and the international community regarding compensation for forced mobilization damage and actively resolve the issue of compensation for damages out of moral responsibility as a member of the international community. This can improve international credit. In the analysis of crimes against humanity and Japan’s violations, the human rights of Koreans, Chinese, and Asians were violated and workers were discriminated against and abused due to the Sino-Japanese War, Asia-Pacific War, and war mobilization under colonial rule from the 1930s to 1945 was able to find. In 1938, the Japanese implemented the National Mobilization Act in Joseon, comprehensively regulating materials, funds, prices, and labor, and established a policy of military reorganization of the Joseon industry as a forward logistics base for invasion of the continent, exploiting material and human resources. Japanese imperialism required workers to make personal sacrifices in the name of national production, and under the strict control of capitalists and Japanese imperialism, workers only emphasized increasing productivity to fight the war. Japan’s war crimes in this war system were one of war of aggression, and while conducting the war, Japan violated the laws of war and customs of war, including genocide, treated prisoners and civilians harshly, and committed unnecessary acts of destruction. Regarding Japan’s war responsibility in the international community, Japan has concluded several international law treaties, and the Japanese government is making efforts to comply with the principles of the UN Charter and realize the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, its war responsibility and compensation are lower than those of the German government. Germany has thoroughly reflected on its responsibility for the war and has made efforts to compensate the affected countries and victims, and is currently supporting the victims. Considering this, Japan’s expected role and position in the international community is considered important.

영문 초록

戦争と国際犯罪と関連した第二次世界大戦でのアジア諸国と市民の被害事例に焦点を当て、戦争責任に対する究明と補償問題について分析した。まず、戦争と国際犯罪の関連性では、戦争犯罪はすでに当時の国際的規範と処罰の慣行が形成されていたが、第二次世界大戦後の平和に対する罪と人道に対する罪に対する戦争犯罪の種類と処罰が拡大された。しかし、当時ヨーロッパよりアジア諸国に人道に対する罪を適用しなかったのは、政治的意図とは別の人種的偏見の旧戦勝国の便宜主義があった。最近、国際法構造転換で被害者中心主義に変化しており、植民地支配に対して国家責任として認める事例も増えている。まだ強制動員被害者は日本企業、日本政府を相手に被害訴訟を行っており、日本政府は強制動員被害補償に関連してドイツと国際社会の事例を援用し、道義的責任で積極的に被害補償問題を解決しなければならないし、国際社会の一員として国際信用を高めることに努力しなければならない。人道に対する罪と日本の違法分析で、1930年代から1945年までの中日戦争、アジア太平洋戦争、植民地支配下での戦争動員によって韓国人、中国人、アジア人の人権が侵害され、労働者に対する差別、虐待を受けた事例を見つけることができた。日帝は1938年、国家総動員法を朝鮮で施行し、物資、資金、物価、労働力などを包括的に規制し、大陸侵略の前進兵站基地として朝鮮産業の軍事的再編方針を確立し、物的、人的資源を収奪した。日帝は労働者を国家生産という名分の下で個人を犠牲にするよう要求し、資本家と日帝の徹底した統制の中で労働者に戦争を遂げるための生産力増強だけを強調した。このような戦争システムにおける日本の戦争犯罪は侵略戦争の一つであり、日本は戦争を遂行しながら集団殺害を含む戦争法規と戦争慣習法の違反、捕虜および民間人に対する過酷な扱い、不要な破壊行為を行った。国際社会における日本の戦争責任において、日本は様々な国際法条約を締結し、日本政府が国連憲章の原則を遵守し、世界人権宣言の目的を実現するために努力しているが、ドイツ政府に比べてその戦争責任と補償が不備だ。ドイツは自ら戦争責任に対する徹底した反省と被害国、被害者に補償する努力をしてきており、現在も被害者を支援している。これを考慮すると、日本が国際社会で期待される役割と位置は重要だと考えられる。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 전쟁범죄의 국제법상에서의 변천과 중요성

Ⅲ. 인도에 대한 죄와 일본의 위법 사례

Ⅳ. 국제사회에서의 일본의 전쟁책임

Ⅴ. 맺음말

키워드

강제동원 국가책임 국제법 제2차 세계대전 불법성 국가총동원법 인도주의 Forced Mobilization National Responsibility International Law World War Ⅱ Illegality National Mobilization Act Humanity 強制動員 国家責任 国際法 第二次世界大戦 違法性 国家 総動員法 人道主義