사철(私鐵)과 금강산 개발을 통해 본식민지 지배 - 구메 다미노스케(久米民之助)와 금강산전기철도

• 영문명: A self-made man in Meiji, Kume Taminosuke and his Kongosan electric railway in colonial Korea
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 이동훈(Dong-Hoon Yee)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제47집, 153~194쪽, 전체 42쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2024.12.31

국문 초록

A self-made man in Meiji era, Kume Taminosuke(1861-1931) established a private railway company, Kongosan electric railway in 1919. Kume, originally from a needy family, accumulated wealth managing several companies, and he also experienced imperial diet(House of representatives). But he considered himself as a businessman and also an investor, he sought for new investment in colony. Relying on supporting policy of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, he observed carefully Geumgang mountain(so-called diamond mountain) as a safe and new investment amid economic recession after the first world war. He strongly believed in value and potentiality of Geumgang mountain and profit-making as a tourist resort. In other hand, the Japanese Government-General of Korea tried to attract private capital to develop colonial Korea and build railroad in local areas. The Japanese Government-General of Korea guaranteed subsidy, a free rental of state-owned land and also supported with resort development and national park plan. Kume’s management method would be described as remote management from Tokyo, and management using personal connections and network. Even though he was the president of company, he resided at Tokyo until his death. He managed the company by scouting famous enterprisers, railroad experts and retirees from the Japanese government-general of Korea. Using political capacity of himself and company executives, Kume was absorbed in building railway and destination development. Under the institutional support and financial aid, consequently Kongosan electric railway was subordinate to the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Unlike private railways in mainland Japan, Kongosan electric railway has management system like a state-run company. This characteristic of private railways in colonial Korea shows an aspect of colonial rule of Japanese imperialism.

영문 초록

明治時代に立身出世を成し遂げた久米民之助は、衆議院議員の経歴とともに企業経営で蓄積した資本を土台に植民地朝鮮で鉄道会社を設立·経営した。政治家より実業家の道を選んだ久米は特に植民地において活動の場を模索した。朝鮮総督府の支援策に期待を寄せながら、久米は第一次世界大戦後の不景気において安全な投資先として名勝地金剛山に目を付けた。久米は金剛山の有する潜在的価値と開発を通じての利益を確信し、植民地朝鮮において私鉄の敷設と観光地の開発を構想したのである。その一方で、朝鮮総督府では｢朝鮮開発｣と｢地方鉄道｣の敷設のために｢内地｣の資本の流入が必須であるとみていた。主要な幹線鉄道は総統府が国鉄として運営するが、その他の地方鉄道は民間資本の誘致を図った。この為に、総督府は私鉄会社に補助金を支給し、国有地の貸与、鉄道車両の貸与など多様な方面で便宜を提供した。また、総督府運營の国鉄との連絡、金剛山の宣伝、国立公園計画などを通して金剛山の開発を支援した。久米の金剛山電気鉄道の設立課程と経営様態にみられる特質は、遠隔経営と人脈経営をもって説明できる。久米は1931年社長職のまま死亡したが、最後まで東京に居住しつつ短期間の視察で会社の経営にあたっていた。鉄道の専門家を専務取締役に起用し、現地での会社経営を任せていた。久米は本人と取締役の政治的ネットワークを最大限活用し、植民地の現実に沿っての私鉄経営を試みた。有名実業家をはじめ、鉄道専門家、総督府退任の官吏を起用し、会社経営を安定させる戦略をとった。取締役の政治的力量を利用し、政府と帝国議会に建議を行い、制度の改善と財政的支援を獲得した。総督府の支援策の下で私鉄会社は成長したが、それと同時に総督府との関係において従属的な位置に置かれた。これは結局金剛山電気鉄道の生まれつきの限界を示すものであり、総督府による会社の消滅を予期するものでもあった。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 입신출세의 실업가 구메 다미노스케

Ⅲ. 금강산전기철도의 설립·운영과 조선총독부

Ⅵ. 전체 노선의 개통과 관광지 개발

Ⅴ. 맺음말

키워드

구메 다미노스케 금강산 전기철도 사철 식민지 관광 Kume Taminosuke Geumgang mountain electric railway private railway colonial tourism