영남지역 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락구조

• 영문명: Settlement Patterns and Structures in Youngnam Region from the Initial Bronze Age to the Early Bronze Age
• 발행기관: 영남고고학회
• 저자명: 김권구(Kim, Gwon Gu)
• 간행물 정보: 『영남고고학』제90호, 31~66쪽, 전체 36쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2021.05.31

국문 초록

이 논문의 목적은 영남지역 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락구조를 밝히고 사회적 특성을 검토하는 것이다. 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락의 전모가 잘 나타난 취락자료를 분석대상자료로 선택하였다. 이 논문에서는 사회최소구성단위로서의 주거지의 규모와 수, 가구와 거주방식, 취락 속의 주거지 수와 배치양상, 저장시설 배치양상, 취락의 구성요소에 대한 분석을 통하여 청동기시대 영남지역 취락구조와 사회양상을 밝혀 보고자 한다. 또 이 논문에서는 영남지역 청동기시대를 조기(돌대문토기단계), 전기전반(가락동식토기단계, 흔암리식토기단계), 전기후반(구순각목문토기단계, 공열토기단계)으로 구분하고자 하며 검단리식토기단계와 송국리식토기단계는 청동기시대 후기로 설정하고 이 논문에서는 분석대상에서 제외하였다. 이 논문의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째 청동기시대 조기에는 대체로 10기 내외의 대규모 주거지가 열상배치(列狀配置)되는 모습을 보인다. 취락은 소규모 취락의 경우가 많으며 대형 주거지 1-2기가 함께 조사되는 사례가 다수 확인된다. 조기의 취락형태는 1-2km 거리에 걸친 분산연계형 취락(分散連繫型 聚落)으로서 이주확산형 취락(移住擴散型 聚落)일 가능성이 크다. 둘째 청동기시대 전기전반에는 10기 내외의 대규모 주거지나 중간 규모 주거지가 취락 내에 열상 배치되는 양상이며 취락은 대부분 소규모이다. 물론 조사된 주거지 모두가 거주용 시설이라고 생각할 수는 없다. 그러나 지역에 따라서는 김천 송죽리유적의 경우처럼 취락 내 주거지의 배치가 점차 환상배치양상(環狀配置樣相)을 띠기 시작한다. 또 대규모 주거지 1-2기에 사람들이 거주하였고 가구단위는 확대가족이면서 취락구조는 이주확산형 취락구조였던 것으로 추정된다. 셋째 청동기시대 전기후반에는 100기 내외의 중소규모 주거지들이 환상(環狀)으로 배치된 주거군(住居群)이 여럿분포하는 취락모습을 띠며 취락규모상 취락위계가 발생하고 중심취락도 출현한 것으로 보인다. 넷째 청동기시대 전기전반에서 전기후반으로 가면서 가구의 안전을 중시한 대규모 주거지에서의 공동생활방식과같은 거주방식에서 사생활보호(私生活保護)를 강조하는 개별적 거주방식으로의 변화가 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 청동기시대 전기후반의 취락구조와 분포양상은 정착심화형 취락(定着深化型 聚落)의 양상이며 집단영역의 배타적 점유를강조하여 지석묘와 선돌이 적극적으로 축조되는 양상이며 청동기시대 후기로 들어가면 이러한 경향이 더욱 심화되어지석묘가 다양한 방식으로 축조된다.

영문 초록

This thesis aims to trace settlement patterns of Youngnam Region during the Initial Bronze Age to the Early Bronze Age along with settlement structures to review its social features. Relatively well preserved settlements have been selected as research data. The methodologies adopted will review the size of dwelling sites and the number of clustered dwelling sites as a minimum social unit, household and dwelling style, the number of dwelling sites in a settlement and their distributional patterns, the arrangement of storage facilities, compositions of a settlement, and so on, to trace the structures of the settlements and their social features in Youngnam Region during the related Bronze Age. In this thesis the Bronze Age of Youngnam Region has been subdivided into the Initial Phase characterized by the culture of the coarsely plain pottery with raised band, the Earlier Early Phase featured by the culture of the Garak-dong-styled coarsely plain pottery and the culture of the Heunam-ri–styled coarsely plain pottery, the Later Early Phase notified by the culture of the coarsely plain pottery with notched strip on rim and the culture of the rim-perforated coarsely plain pottery, and the Late Phase identified by the culture of the Songguk-ri-styled coarsely plain pottery or the culture of the Geomdan-ri-styled coarsely plain pottery. However the late Phase has been excluded because it is not the period this thesis deals with at all. The main research results of this thesis can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the Initial Phase of the Bronze Age witnessed the emergence of small settlements consisting of less than ten large-sized dwelling sites, of which layout was similar to a linear distributional pattern. Mainly the number of dwelling sites are one or two. The distributional pattern among settlements shows the sparsely scattered distributional types within roughly one or two km radius, which might be related to the migration-spread distributional settlement type.Secondly, the Earlier Early Phase of the Bronze Age also witnessed the appearance of small settlements within ten or so large-sized or medium sized dwelling sites, of which layout within settlements were similar to a linear patterns as well. Of course all of the pit houses excavated from a settlement were not to be used as a dwelling space. However some settlements such as Songjuk-ri site, Gimcheon, began to have circular distributional patterns in cluster within each settlement. Villagers seemed to have lived in one or two large-scaled dwelling sites. The household unit of this phase have been thought to be related to an extended family and its settlement structure seems to be related to the migration-spread distributional settlement type. Thirdly, during the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age one hundred or so small-sized or medium-sized dwelling sites began to be appeared, of which layout in cluster inside settlements showed circular distributional patterns. In addition a settlement consisted of various clusters of dwelling sites and some kinds of settlement hierarchy emerged along with a large-scaled central village. Fourthly, the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age was estimated to witness changes in dwelling styles from a communal dwelling style in a large-sized dwelling site emphasizing household safety to an individualistic dwelling style focusing privacy protection. The settlement structures of the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age and its distributional patterns are considered to be a kind of sedentary intensification-type distributional settlement emphasizing the exclusive occupation of a group territory by way of active uses of dolmens and menhirs. During the Late Phase of the Bronze Age such a trend to build up megalith monuments had been intensified, which had yielded enormous spread of various dolmens in diverse way.

목차

I. 머리말

II. 주요관련 취락유적의 검토

III. 영남지역 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락구조

IV. 맺음말

키워드

열상배치(列狀配置) 환상배치(環狀配置) 이주확산형 취락(移住擴散型 聚落) 정착심화형 취락(定着深化型 聚落) 거주방식의 변화 linear distributional pattern circular distributional patterns migration-spread distributional settlement sedentary intensification-type distributional settlement changes in dwelling styles