일제 경찰기구의 위생 선전

• 영문명: Propaganda of Sanitation by Japanese Police Organizations
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 최재성(Choe, Jae-Seong)(崔在聖)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제40집, 5~53쪽, 전체 49쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2021.06.30

국문 초록

日本の朝鮮統治が30年が過ぎた時点で、30年以上の間に衛生思想の普及のためにいくつかの施策を実施したにもかかわらず、伝染病にかかった患者数と死亡者数は大幅に減らなかった。朝鮮で衛生観念の普及のために帝國主義日本の警察は怖がらせてなだめる｢ニンジンと鞭｣施策を展開した。なだめる施策は、時間と空間を活用した宣伝活動である。特定の時間を設定して集中宣伝する方法は、｢衛生デー｣や｢防疫週間｣などの運営である。一定の空間に大衆を集め宣伝する方法は、各種｢展覧会｣の開催などである。京城で衛生展覧会が初めて開催された1921年末にも、5年前に比べて伝染病患者数は1.7倍程度増加した。患者数は約1500人程度増加した。5年後の1926年には、患者数と死亡者数の両方減少した。その間に1922年から京城と地方の衛生展覧会、1924年の蠅展覧会、そして各地の｢衛生デー｣の設定、運営があった。1926年の伝染病患者数の減少は、これらの活動の影響と言えるかもしれませんが、5年後の1931年までに再び増加傾向があります。1933年防疫展覧会と防疫週間の設定が同時に行われた後、統計を見ると、1936年にも1931年に比べて患者数と死亡者数の両方若干の増加を示す。患者数は約18%、死亡者数は31%増加した。上昇曲線の傾きは1920年代に比べて緩やかだったが、増加は依然として続いていた。コレラは減少効果があった1930年代後半には、衛生デーと防疫週間が設定され、運営されていましたが、1941年の伝染病患者数と死亡者数の両方が増加しました。5年前より各各35%,21%増加した。1942年には1年前より患者数,死亡者数,死亡率ともに若干減少を示した。減少傾向の逆転に最大の貢献をした伝染病は、天然痘だった。代わりに、1942年には発疹チフス患者数と死亡者数が大幅に増えたが、天然痘の統計数値がその増加を相殺した。結核患者関連の統計は着実に増加現象を見せた。入院患者·外来患者·治療延日数の三方1931年比で1939年の統計は、それぞれ3.5倍、4.5倍、2.87倍に激増した。1936年には結核予防週間と1938年の結核予防デー設定運営、1939年の結核予防展覧会はすべて、このような結核患者激増への対応だったとすることができる。しかし、1942年の健民運動週間にもまだ結核撲滅が主な目標であったことから分かるように、結核問題は依然として大きな問題であった。

영문 초록

At the time of the Japanese colonial rule over 30 years, the number of patients and deaths from infectious diseases did not decrease significantly even though the Japanese police implemented various measures to spread hygiene ideas for 30 years. In order to spread hygiene ideas in Joseon, Japanese police have implemented a ‘carrot and whip’ policy that threatens and appeases. The soothing measure is propaganda activities that utilize time and space. The way to set up a specific time and promote it intensively is the operation of ‘Hygiene Day’ and ‘Anti-virus Week’. The way to bring the public together in a certain space and promote it is to hold various ‘exhibitions’. At the end of 1921, when the hygiene exhibition was held for the first time in Gyeongseong, the number of infectious disease patients increased by 1.7 times compared to five years ago. Five years later, in 1926, both the number of patients and the number of deaths decreased. In the meantime, there were hygiene exhibitions in Gyeongseong and local areas since 1922, a fly exhibition in 1924, and ‘Hygiene Day’ establishment and operation in various places. The decrease in the number of infectious disease patients in 1926 is the influence of these activities. But five years later, in 1931, it was on the rise again. After the 1933 anti-virus exhibition and the anti-virus week setting were simultaneously performed, statistics showed a slight increase in both the number of patients and the number of deaths compared to 1931 in 1936. The number of patients increased by about 18 percent and the death toll by 31 percent. The slope of the upward curve was gentler than in the 1920s, but the increase remained. However, only cholera had a reduction effect. In the late 1930s, also hygiene day and anti-virus week were established and operated. However, both the number of infectious disease patients and the number of deaths in 1941 did not decline; they increased by 35 percent and 21 percent, respectively, compared to five years ago. In 1942, both the number of patients, the number of deaths and the death rate decreased slightly compared to a year ago. The epidemic that contributed the most to the reversal of the decline was smallpox. Instead, in 1942, the number of typhus patients and deaths increased significantly, but the statistical figures of smallpox offset the increase. The statistics related to tuberculosis patients showed a steady increase. The number of inpatients, outpatients, and treatment days increased 3.5 times, 4.5 times, and 2.87 times, respectively, compared to 1931. In 1936, the Tuberculosis Prevention Week, the 1938 Tuberculosis Prevention Day, and the 1939 Tuberculosis Prevention Exhibition were all responses to the increase of tuberculosis patients. However, as we can see from the fact that tuberculosis eradication was still the main goal in the 1942 campaign week, the tuberculosis problem was still a big problem.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 일정한 공간에 대중을 소집하여 집중 선전

Ⅲ. 특정 시간을 설정하여 집중 선전

Ⅳ. 맺음말에 대신하여: 요약과 평가

참고문헌

키워드

일제 경찰기구 위생 관념 위생 전람회 파리 전람회 방역 전람회 위생 데이 방역 주간 전염병 Japanese Police Organizations Sanitation Ideas hygiene exhibition a fly exhibition anti-virus exhibition hygiene Day anti-virus week epidemic