『文章仮字用格』の漢語について

• 영문명: Notes on the Sino-Japanese Vocabulary in Bunshokanazukai
• 발행기관: 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원
• 저자명: 姜盛文(Kang, Seong-Mun)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본연구』第33輯, 243~266쪽, 전체 24쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2020.02.28

국문 초록

本稿は農学者の大蔵永常が著した『文章仮字用格』の漢語について考察したものである｡大蔵永常は数多くの著書を著しているが､『文章仮字用格』はその中でも数少ない語学書である｡本書は筆者が調査した『古言梯』以降の仮名遣書の中で最も漢語の多い資料である｡他の仮名遣書と異なって学問をする人より一般の人を対象にしており､体裁においても実用性を図っていることが窺える｡ 永常の書簡に『書言字考節用集』と『大全早引節用集』に関する記述があることから『文章仮字用格』はこの二つの節用集から言葉を引用した可能性が考えられる｡実際､『文章仮字用格』のア行の漢字二字以上の漢語を『書言字考節用集』と『大全早引節用集』の漢語と対照した結果､ほとんどの用例が二つの節用集で確認できた｡書簡の内容を踏まえれば少なくとも漢語においてはほとんど『書言字考節用集』と『大全早引節用集』から取り入れたと言えるだろう｡ また､『文章仮字用格』の特徴として仏教に関する語が多いことが指摘できる｡他の仮名遣書にも見られる言葉もあれば､「うばそくうばい(優婆塞優婆夷)」「かりようびんが(迦陵嚬伽)」「かりようびんがてう(迦陵嚬伽鳥)」のように梵語も立項している｡仮名遣書にどのような言葉を登録するかは著者が決めるため､このように仏教語が多いのは何らかの意図があることを示唆する｡ さらに､『文章仮字用格』の漢語には漢字四字以上のものが多く､実生活において仮名で書かれることがどれほどあったか疑わしいものもある｡おそらくこれは主要読者層であろう農民の教養のためにわざと収録したと考えられる｡すなわち､仮名遣いを学習すると同時により多くの言葉を知ってほしいという目的で他の仮名遣書に見られない言葉を取り入れたということである｡

영문 초록

This paper examines the Sino-Japanese vocabulary employed by the agronomist Nagatsune Okura in Bunshokanazukai. Okura wrote many books, and Bunshokanazukai is one of the few linguistics texts among them. The book includes the most Sino-Japanese vocabulary among all Kana orthographical texts produced after Kogentei. Unlike other Kana orthographical texts, Bunshokanazukai was aimed at ordinary people rather than scholars, and as a result it is very practical. As there is a description of Shogenzikosetsuyoshu and Taizenhayabikisetsuyoshu in one of Nagatsune’s letters, it is possible that Bunshokanazukai incorporated Sino-Japanese vocabulary from those two Setsuyoshu. In fact, in contrast to the Sino-Japanese vocabulary in the Japanese “a” column in Bunshokanazukai, most of the words were found in the two Setsuyoshu. Based on the letter, at least in terms of the Sino-Japanese vocabulary, it can be said that the content of the book has been adopted from Shogenzikosetsuyoshu and Taizenhayabikisetsuyoshu. It should also be noted that Bunshokanazukai includes many words that are related to Buddhism. There are even Sanskrit words such as “Upāsaka” and “Upāsikā”, and “Kalaviṅka” and “Kalaviṅka bird”. Since Nagatsune decided what kinds of word to register in the Kana Orthographical Notes, the fact that there are so many Buddhist vocabulary items suggests that there is an intention behind this. In addition, there are many Sino-Japanese vocabulary items of more than four kanji characters in Bunshokanazukai, and there are therefore words around which there is doubt that they were originally written in Kana. The text is thought to have been written for the education of farmers, who were likely to be its most significant readership. In other words, Nagatsune adopted words that were not found in other Kana orthographical notes in order to teach more words in tandem with Kana orthography.

목차

Ⅰ. はじめに

Ⅱ. 『文章仮字用格』について

Ⅲ. 節用集との関係

Ⅳ. 『文章仮字用格』の漢語

Ⅴ. まとめ

키워드

Nagatsune Ookura Kana Orthography Notes Bunshokanazukai Sino-Japanese Vocabulary Setsuyoshu 大蔵 永常 仮 名遣書 文章仮 字用格 漢語 節用集