미술관 관람객 연구의 성과와 과제

• 영문명: Art museum visitor studies in the United States: A historical and conceptual analysis
• 발행기관: 한국예술경영학회
• 저자명: 양지연(Yang Jiyeon)
• 간행물 정보: 『예술경영연구』제3집, 68~97쪽, 전체 30쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경영학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2003.06.30

영문 초록

An exhibition could not and should not be evaluated only by the intrinsic value of art objects and the exhibition itself. Rather its values and meanings are completed by the responses and experiences of the visitors. Then, efforts to systematically understand how visitors interact with the museums and exhibitions should be of primary concern in art museums. In this study, the visitor studies published in the United States since the 20th century were analyzed with a focus on the art museums. Through the historical and conceptual analysis of the significant articles selected by the researcher, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of art museum visitors and meaningful implications for Korea art museums that recently began to study their visitors. The main areas of discussions are categorized as follows: 1) visitor behavior and exhibition science, 2) time and exhibition evaluation, 3) nature and effect of museum-based learning, 4) demographic characteristics of visitors, and 5) psychographic characteristics of visitors. First, the visitor studies which investigated the influence of the methods and design of an exhibition on the visitor behaviors were reviewed. In the earlystudies of the 1920’s and 30’s, such psychologists as Robinson and Melton experimented and observed how visitor behavior changed according to the physical environment of exhibitions, to enhance educational capacity of exhibitions. In their tracking study method, the concepts of “holding power” and “attracting power” of an exhibition (or an exhibit) were employed to access the interests and behavioral patterns of visitors. Also, psychological aspects of the “museum fatigue” were suggested. The concepts and methods devised by these early pioneers have been employed to date in numerous visitor studies. Secondly, visitor studies that utilized ‘time’ as an indicator to evaluate and define the effectiveness of exhibitions were examined. Being objective and easy to measure, time has been considered as an important variablethat could explain and predict the success of exhibitions, the amount of learning, as well as visitor satisfaction in museums. The general findings from many time studies, however, were that unlike the expectations from curators and exhibit designers, most visitors spent very short time at an exhibition (less than 30 minutes), and did not view every element of an exhibition. A recent report published in 1998 by the American Association of Museums which carried out a meta-analysis of tracking studies at 110 exhibitions of various types reaffirmed the facts. Therefore, the methods to maximize visitor attention and learning in the museum were suggested as the problems needed to be solved. The studies to prove educational results and to understand the nature of museum learning were discussed in the third area of museum visitor studies. Influenced by the recent learning theory called ‘constructivism’, many researchers have concentrated on the personal, long-term, and complex context of learning rather than short-term and outcome-oriented tests of the museum’s educational effect. For instance, Falk’s research on the long-term memory of museum visits and nature of museum experience were examined. Fourthly, demographic studies of art museum visitors provide another aspect in understanding the museum audiences. Profiles of art museum visitors known through a number of visitor surveys appear to be universal and homogeneous. That is, visitors to art museums tend to be in the upper education, income, and occupation groups than the population in general. However, it is not desirable to typify the art museum audience, as the demographic nature visitors could change and vary according to the types of art museums, exhibitions, seasons, and other elements. In this respect, the visitor survey that compared demographics and reactions of summer vs. winter audience at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston was discussed. Meanw

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 관람객 연구의 배경

Ⅲ. 미술관 관람객 연구의 영역과 성과

Ⅳ. 관람객 연구의 성과와 과제: 결론을 대신하여

참고문헌

Abstract

키워드

미술관 관람객연구 전시 미술관 대중 art museum visitor study exhibition art museum public