“文”字的民俗學方面字源考

• 영문명: The study through the manners and customs of the people about the Chinese character ｢文(wen)｣
• 발행기관: 대한중국학회
• 저자명: 出野文莉
• 간행물 정보: 『중국학(구중국어문론집)』中國學 第52輯, 7~28쪽, 전체 22쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2015.09.14

국문 초록

本文探討關於“文”字字源的模型和意義。對“文”的字形，此象形文字出於怎樣的模型，我一直抱有疑問。但是當我看到雲南省滄源崖畫時，解開了這個疑問。發現滄源崖畫描寫的文物穿的是貫頭衣。這是從看到日本的銅鑼繪畫（傳香川縣出土銅鑼、兵庫縣櫻丘5號銅鑼）描寫的人物而聯想到的。關於“文”字字源，白川靜（1910－2006）已在釋文中有詳細論述。我拜讀白川靜釋文的解釋，在白川靜的民俗學方法對“文”字解釋的基礎上想再次進行探討。除了“文”字以外，表示人物的甲骨文分為人的正面形的“大”字和人的側面形“人”字。“大”字和“人”字的形象與“文”字的形象不相關。滄源崖畫中描寫的穿貫頭衣的人物正是“文”的字形。我認為象形文字“文”字的模型是中國南方住在干欄式建築的吳越人的貫頭衣和文身。在中國古代吳越人的干欄式建築、貫頭衣和文身是完全重合的文化。北方殷人抓住南方文化的特徵創造了“文”字。“文”的甲骨文的“×”表示文身，白川靜指出，把“×”作為有共通意義的符號，含有其符號的“文”“凶”“胸”“爽”等都是系列文字。白川靜把“×”視為葬禮之際不讓邪靈侵入而施加的呪禁。我認為“凶”的“×”形是因隱匿而增加靈力，這是中國古代獨特的想法。葬禮之際隱匿文身“×”形的是衣服。因隱匿而提高“×”形的呪詛之力。“×”形和衣服在中國古代葬禮制度中是兩個重要的項目。我考慮“文”字的創作意圖是，以“×”形為主的文身和隱匿其形的貫頭衣的圖像而構想的。

영문 초록

About the original meaning of the hieroglyph “文”, I have continued to have some doubts from what is brought. But when I have looked at“滄源崖画”(Wall paintings on cliff. There is this painting in Yunnan. It is maid about three thousand years ago), I found out the new interpret. I noticed that the described persons on the “崖画”(Wall paintings on cliff) wear poncho(“貫頭衣”). The reason why I found out that originates from the association through comparison between the described persons on the “崖画”and the described persons on the Japan’s “銅鐸”（dotaku ;　　　, a bell-shaped bronze vessel of the Yayoi period）. Both of them wear a poncho(“貫頭衣”).　Furthermore the mark “× ”of “ ”(“甲骨文”of “文”) shows tattoo（“文身”）marks. The ancient race in the south China that live in the house of a raised-floor construction have two characteristics. They are “貫頭衣”and “ 文身 ”. Therefore the model of “ ”originals in this both characteristics. Until now model of “ ” has been thought the person of Shan(商). The conventional idea is based on the idea that the shape of “ ” belong to the character of “大”. The idea that “大” is the front shape of a person is popular. The character of 爽・狭・夫・天・央・夭 belong to the character of “大”. But “文”not belong the genealogy of “大”. Therefore “文” is the character of the individual genealogy. The model of “文” means the person that wear clothes(that is“貫頭衣”).

목차

一、前言

二、以前的“文”字的解釋

三、關於“×”符號之意

四、關於“文”字的成立

五、結語