尹瓘 九城硏究의 綜合的整理

• 영문명: The Synthetic arrangement on the Researchs of Youn-gwanś9 Castles
• 발행기관: 백산학회
• 저자명: 윤여덕(尹汝德)(Yoon, Yu-uck)
• 간행물 정보: 『백산학보』第92號, 255~281쪽, 전체 27쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.04.30

국문 초록

尹瓘 9城의 설치 범위에 대해서는 조선 초기까지만 해도 고려사, 세종실록 지리지, 동국여지승람 등 官撰史料의 기록 그대로 두만강 북(7백리)에 공험진과 선춘령이 있다는 데 의심의 여지가 없었다. 그러나 조선 중기 우리나라 역사지리학의 창시자인 韓百謙이 등장하여 함경남도 利原郡과 端川郡 경계의 磨雲嶺,높이 416m 상에 있는 石樞舊基, 돌기둥이 서 있는 옛터를 윤관비(선춘령 정계비)로 推定한 이래 그의 영향을 받은 실학자들이 윤관비를 마운령 이남으로 내려잡는, 이른바 吉州 이남설을 제기하기에 이르렀다. 그 이후 1929년에 현장을 답사한 崔南善에 의해 문제의 비는 신라 진흥왕의 巡狩碑로 뒤늦게 밝혀졌다. 일제 官邊 사학자 이케우치 池內宏 등이 이를 빌미(핑계)삼고 조선인들의 실학자에게 거는 기대와 信望에 편승하여 윤관9성을 아예 함경남도 함주군과 홍원군 경계에 있는 咸關嶺 높이 450m이남, 즉 함흥평야 일대로까지 끌어내려 버렸다. 이른바 함흥평야설이다. 그러나 윤관 9성 연구의 선구자인 方東仁과 金九鎭은 세종실록 지리지 상에서 밝히고 있는 선춘령과 공험진의 위치를 추적한 끝에 두만 강북 7백리 지점, 綏汾河 상류 지역에 있는 老松嶺이 곧 선춘령 일 것이라고 추정한 바 있다. 최근 한 軍,육군소장 출신 교수 尹日寧이 5백 년 전에 6진을 개척했던 金宗瑞가 발로 답사했던 세종지리지 상의 그 路程을 GPS 방식으로 두 차례에 걸쳐 실측하여 앞의 두 원로교수가 추정했던 노송령이 곧 선춘령임을 재확인하게 되었다.

영문 초록

About the territories of nine castles established by general Yoon, Gwan, there had been no doubt until the former era of Chosun dynasty that it was the area of ‘Gonghum’ fortress and Mt.’Sunchun’. It is seven hundreds li north of Tomun river. This is according to official government history records "The history of Corea dynasty", "The chronicle of King Sejong (geography section)" and "The geographical information of eastern country". But the founder of historical geography of Korea, Han, Baek-gyum estimated that a stone foundation which is located on Mt. Maun near to the boundary of ‘Iwon’ county and ‘Dancheon’ county of southern Hamkyung province must be the monument of general Yoon-Gwan. Japanese historians who were controlled by the government like Ikeuchi Hiroshi took advantage of this theory and the respect of Korean people toward these scholars. They insisted that general Yoon,gwan's nine castles should be located in the Hamheung plain that is south of Mt. Hamgwan The frontrunner of the study of general Yoon,gwan's 'nine castles', professor Bang, dong-in already knew Ikeuchi's bad intension 35 years ago, and wrote "(Ikeuchi's theory) is total distortion." in his article . And professor Kim,gu-jin found Korea's oldest map 'The map of eastern country' in the Naikaku library ’ in Japan, and studied location of Mt.Sunchun and ‘Gonghum’ fortress. Finally, he concluded that Mt.Nosong, seven hundred li north of Tomun river should be Mt.Sunchun in his article . The record of ‘Chronicle of King Sejong ’ which might be the base of the 'The map of eastern country' is the milestone of the seven hundreds li way north of Tomun river which was studied and recorded by then governor of Hamkil province, general Kim,Jong-Seo who established ‘six fortresses’ afterward. He did this according to secret mission of King Sejong. Recently a professor named Yoon, yil-young who was former general of Republic of Korean Army, surveyed the route of “The chronicle of King Sejong " route surveyed by twice through the method of GPS and proved that as the estimation of former two professors, “Mt.Nosong mountains is actually Mt.Sunchun”. And for ‘Gonghum’ fortress, it should be the 'Obong mountain castle' which is located on the north-western part of Habipa mountain ranges. By doing this, he could prove that Mt.Sunchun and ‘Gonghum’ fortress were the tactical fortresses which were established to defend the eastern side and the north-western side by general Yoon,gwan who conquered Yeojin people in order to secure Karran area.