當中醫遇見科學

• 영문명: When the Chinese Traditional Medicine Meet Science- The Wrestling of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Science on the “May Fourth Movement” Context
• 발행기관: 경북대학교 아시아연구소
• 저자명: 李晓 涛 (Li XiaoTao)
• 간행물 정보: 『아시아연구』제10호, 1~14쪽, 전체 14쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2010.08.30

국문 초록

五四前後，“科學”成為判斷事物正確與否的重要標準。近代傳入中國的西方醫學因其具“科學性”而得到提倡，反之，中國傳統醫學因“不科學”而遭到一些人的懷疑與摒棄。1912 年，北洋政府將中醫拒之教育系統門外，1929年，國民政府又以“中醫不合科學”為由，要求廢止中醫。同時，醫學界乃至學術界也展開了激烈的中西醫論爭。一些五四學人以“科學”為利刃，迫切要求將中醫斬草除根。在政府行為與報刊輿論的雙重壓力下，中醫一方面批駁“廢醫”論，一方面也開始反思自身，並走上了一條自我革新之路。在這場中醫革新之路中，“中醫科學化”運動影響最為深遠。“中醫科學化”運動主張以科學的方法研究中醫，從而在某種程度上改變了中醫與科學對立的局面。可以說，中醫能夠保留至今，與“中醫科學化”運動有著密不可分的關係。然而，在當時，“中醫科學化”運動並未得到中西醫學界所有人士的贊同。“廢醫”論者認為傳統的中醫已經腐朽不堪，根本無法實現“科學化”；中醫界一些人士則認為“科學”一詞包羅萬象，中醫也屬於科學的範疇，實現“中醫科學化”運動，等於默認中醫不科學。另有中醫界人士認為，中西醫學是否合理，應該以“療效”而不是科學作為衡量標準。這種否定科學作為事物衡量標準的論調在科學昌明的五四時代，是很難得到人們支持的。然而，在當今時代，我們仔細思索，不禁也會產生疑問： 中醫為什麼一定要科學化呢？為什麼一定要用“科學”來決定中醫的命運呢？時至今日，中醫依然處於兩難境地，也許跳出“科學”語境，從醫學與文化關係的角度，能夠解決中醫自我革新問題。

영문 초록

Before and after “May Fourth Movement”, the "science" has become the important criterion to judge right or not. Modern western medicine introduced to China was promoted because of "science", whereas Chinese traditional medicine was doubted and abandoned for "nonscience" by some people. In 1912, the Beijing Government refused Chinese traditional medicine to join in the education system; in 1929, the National Government, with the grounds that "Chinese traditional medicine is nonscience", tried to abolish it. Meanwhile, the medical circles and even academe have engaged in a fierce debate about Chinese and Western medicine. Under the dual pressure of government act and public opinion, Chinese traditional medicine rebutted on the one hand, while on the other hand, began to reflect on their own, and embarked on a road of self-innovation. In the way of this medicine innovation, "scientization of Chinese traditional medicine" movement has been the most profound. This movement advocated studying Chinese traditional medicine by scientific methods, which to some extent changed the confrontation between Chinese traditional medicine and science. It can be said that the reason why Chinese traditional medicine could be preserved closely linked with this movement. However, at that time, "scientization of Chinese traditional medicine" movement has not been endorsed by everyone in the medical circles. Someone in the western medical circles argued that the Chinese traditional medicine has been too corrupt to achieve "scientific". Some people in the Chinese medical circles thought that "science" is all-inclusive, and the Chinese traditional medicine also belonged to the scope of science; to achieve that movement is equal to default nonscience of Chinese traditional medicine. Another people in the Chinese medical circles believed that whether the medicine is reasonable, should be measured by the effect rather than the science. This argument that denied science as a criterion was difficult to get supports in that scientific time. However, in the present era, when we think over carefully, we can not help have questions: Why Chinese traditional medicine must be scientization? Why used "science" to determine the fate of traditional Chinese medicine? Today, Chinese traditional medicine is still in a dilemma. Escaping from the "scientific" context, from the perspective of medical and cultural relations, self-innovation of Chinese traditional medicine could be solved.

목차

一、“醫不知科學”

二、“中醫科學化”運動

三、對中醫與科學關係的思考

키워드

"五四" 語境 中醫 科學 中醫科學化 the “May Fourth Movement” Context Chinese traditional medicine science scientization of Chinese traditional medicine