미국의 국가 - 국가성(stateness)의 문제와 국가성의 충족체로서 혁신주의 국가

• 영문명: The American State: the Stateness of the United States and the Progressive State as an Embodiment of Stateness
• 발행기관: 한국아메리카학회
• 저자명: 손병권(Byoung-Kwon Sohn)
• 간행물 정보: 『미국학논집』제36집 2호, 173~198쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.09.01

영문 초록

  The United States, as we know it today, is characterized by the absence of a strong sense of "stateness." If we define the stateness as the institutionalization of a modern bureaucracy on the part of central government, the American state has been historically far behind the European states. This has been the case, because the United States lacked the absolutist monarchy and adhered to a strong ethos of liberalism and republicanism. In addition, the United States enshrined federalism and a system of separation of powers in its Constitution, thus keeping the visibility of concentrated power at a low level. Futhermore, the American party system has been decentralized, and the federal legislature is filled with representatives of local interests, making a strong, responsible party system of the European-style hard to come by. All these factors hindered a strong American state from developing into a mature form from the start. Despite these deficiencies, the United States fulfilled the necessary requirements for the stateness in the Progressive era. The Progressive state, which was initiated by reformed oriented presidents and intellectuals and emerged as a response to the industrialization and scientific movement around the end of the 19th century, can be regarded as the first American state which makes it possible to compare it to the European modem states. In the sense that the Progressive state was national in its jurisdiction and that its federal executive was strengthened by the institutionalization of modem bureaucracy, the Progressive state was the first modem American state. The rampant economic problems caused by the newly emerging corporate order and by the societal demands brought up due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and immigration all paved the way for the new intellectuals of scientific orientation and the progressive presidents committed to administrative reform to reshuffle the American state. The Progressive state, thus built, contributed to the establishment of an independent executive free from the patronage pressure of central and local party bosses. One final notice is that, however strong it is, the American state can never be statist, in the sense that it cannot encroach upon the principle of separation of powers and upon the self-fulfilling operation of market economy.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론: 문제의 제기
Ⅱ. 미국정치에서 국가분석의 어려움과 예외성: 무국가 의식의 기반
Ⅲ. 미국국가 정의의 기준
Ⅳ. 결론: 비국가주의적 미국국가 - 제한요소와 특징
참고문헌
Abstract

키워드

국가성 미국국가 혁신주의 국가 중앙집권화된 관료 권력분립 stateness the American state the Progressive state centralized bureaucracy separation of powers