북아메리카 원주민 여성과 젠더관계

• 영문명: Native North American Woman and Gender Relations
• 발행기관: 한국아메리카학회
• 저자명: 이창신(Changsin Lee)
• 간행물 정보: 『미국학논집』제36집 2호, 242~264쪽, 전체 23쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.09.01

영문 초록

  The primary purpose of this study is to examine gender relations of native North American. This paper challenges the stereotypes of gender relations and replace them with a much more complex reality that includes real respect and power for native women within their societies. In so doing, this study discusses power, authority, and prestige in such cultural spheres as politics, economics, domestics life, and religion.
  Each of the numerous native American cultures was different, in at least some ways, from all the others. And women"s position within these cultures was also different. There were, however, similarities in the experience of such women, both before and after contact with foreigners. The Iroquois and the Cherokees; their separate stories of suffering and struggle of accommodation and resistance and at least occasional triumph, reveal common threads that link the histories of native American Women everywhere.
  The origin myths illustrate the importance of women to the native American. The village world was, first and foremost a world of women. They bore a primary responsibility to provide for themselves, for their children and other relatives, and for the community at large. The family is not found to be an insignificant domestic side of life in native America. It was the heart of society. In many tribes-the Iroquois and the Cherokees, for example-the clans were matrilineal; that is, property passed through the female line, from mothers to daughters to granddaughters. These patterns meant that women kept considerable power and influence through the link to their clan. The role of women was not innately subordinate but instead is the function of serious and active individuals who is working for the welfare of their people. In particular, the Iroquois system of government incorporated advice from the matrons of the group, although it was led by male chiefs. The Iroquois matrons had more prestige and power than women have enjoyed anywhere else at any time. Women also built and maintained housing and generally supervised family affairs. Men, meanwhile conducted trade with outsiders and defended the community when it came attack.
  Cherokee was an egalitarian society. Cherokee women did have religious, political, and economic power. Cherokee women"s and men"s roles may have been different, but neither was less important than the other. This pattern of mutual service was thought to represent the balance and harmony of the universe, Females toiled hard at their various jobs, but they received recognition and compensation, often in the form of controlling the economic output; in addition, they were secure knowing they would always have food, shelter, and support from their extended families and clans. In stun, Cherokee women"s power was based on their place in the household, their control of property and of the earth"s fertility, and their sexuality. Men, by contrast, predominated in local politics.
  Colonialism continues to affect native American women in countless ways. Native American societies were forced to endure was the reduction of the cultural valuation of women. Women faced the intruders who invaded their lands and watched the devastation of their ways of life. Traditional gender roles eroded from the impact of patriarchal thought, and those ideologies still affect native women"s positions within their tribes. native American women clearly lost power and authority in the process of colonization or modern development. Moreover, the influence of Europeans" social beliefs, changed the way natives interpreted the world, themselves and gender roles. Longer than most Indian groups, however, the Iroquois managed hold their space against the pressure of colonization.
  In the long 겨m, it was all Iroquois and Cherokee-female as well as male-who suffered from the changes around them. But, also in the

목차

Ⅰ. 들어가는 말
Ⅱ. 창조신화와 가족관계 속에서의 여성관
Ⅲ. 정치, 경제분야에서의 젠더관계
Ⅳ. 유럽인들의 출현과 젠더 역할의 변화
Ⅴ. 결론
인용 문헌
Abstract

키워드

북아메리카 원주민 젠더 이로쿼이족 체로키족 Native North American Gender Iroquois Cherokee