평준화제도의 불평등성 논쟁에 대한 비판적 고찰 ― 거주지 중심 학교배정을 중심으로 ―

• 영문명: A Critical Study on the Claimed Inequality of the High School Equalization Policy: Focused on Neighborhood-School-Based Student Assignment
• 발행기관: 한국교육사회학회
• 저자명: 김천기
• 간행물 정보: 『교육사회학연구』제15권 제1호, 65~88쪽, 전체 24쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2005.01.01

국문 초록

본 연구는 기본적으로 “거주지 중심 학교 배정”을 하는 평준화제도가 불평등한가에 관심을 가지 고 출발하였다. 단일 학군제를 택하고 있는 대부분의 평준화 지역과는 달리, 복수 학군제를 택하고 있는 서울평준화 지역에서 불평등 논란이 일어나기 때문에 서울평준화 지역을 중심으로 살펴보았 다. 과연 저소득층 학생은 거주지 중심 배정으로 불이익을 받는가? 학력 수준이 높은 8학군 학교에 다닐 수 있다면 학업성취도가 향상되고 상위권 대학 진학률이 높아 질 수 있는가? 본 연구는 이에 대한 논의를 통해 이른 바 “학군 효과”를 새롭게 정의(定義)하고, 이러한 관점에서 저소득층의 학력 상승과 상위권 대학 진학률이 높아질 수 없는 이유를 밝혀보고자 하였다.

영문 초록

This study is aimed at exploring whether the policy of assigning students to high schools by their place of residence is problematic in terms of educational inequality in the large urban system of considerable segregation of students among neighborhoods and among schools by class. In this case, the policy of assigning students to high schools by their place of residence is identified as the “Equalization Policy.” Specifically, this study raises the two questions: (1) Is that restricted choice policy disadvantageous especially to the low-income students? (2) If the low-income students trapped in “inferior” school districts are allowed to study in the schools of the affluent 8th School District, is there a possibility that their scholastic achievements will be higher and the ratio of their entrance to the top universities will increase? This study is focused on the High School Districts in Seoul, among which there is stratification by students' achievements and family income. In this study “school district effect,” which was previously used as the meaning of the aggregates of the school effects is redefined as complex effects of interaction among the SES, private education etc. In this perspective, this study has shown why the low-income students could not succeed, even if they should be enrolled the schools in the 8th School District. In conclusion, the low-income students are not disadvantageous especially owing to the neighborhood school policy. This does not support the claim that the policy causes the educational inequality for low-income students. Given that the complex district effect, the low-income students will not succeed in the 8th school district. The policies that could alleviate the problems of complex district effect advantageous to the higher and middle class are required.

키워드

거주지 중심 배정, 저소득층 학생, 평준화제도, 학군 효과, 8학군, neighborhood school policy, low-income student, school district effect, equalization policy