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히가시우에노(東上野) 친선마켓의 형성과 변용

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영문명
The Formation and Transformation of Koreatown after Liberation -The Case of Goodwill Market in Higashi Ueno-
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
박미아(Park, Mi-A 朴美娥)
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제37집, 67~103쪽, 전체 37쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2019.12.30
7,240

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1:1 문의
논문 표지

국문 초록

日本の敗戦により、在日朝鮮人は解放を迎えた。解放後、多くの在日朝鮮 人が帰国したが、様々な状況のためすぐに帰国できなかった人々も多く、戦時 産業に従事した在日朝鮮人は大量失業状態に陥った。 職を失った在日朝鮮人たちは戦後に現れた闇市で生活の方策を求めようとし た。東京の交通要衝地の一つである上野にも戦後の闇市が入った。在日朝 鮮人はより良い収益を期待して上野闇市に集まり、戦争以前にはコリアン·コミュ ニティの機能が大きくなかった上野駅周辺は闇市を通じて在日朝鮮人の活動の 中心地になっていった。敗戦後の一定時期までは在日朝鮮人が「治外法権」 的存在として認識されており、在日朝鮮人の活動が際立って浮き彫りになってい た上野闇市の在日朝鮮人も、自分たちのそうした権利を当然のことと考える傾向 があった。 しかし闇市の内の利権争い、民族的感情による相互牽制などは絶えず葛藤 を引き起こした。これに対し警察と台東区役所は在日朝鮮人を別々に分離する ことを提案し、その結果、上野闇市から大路を面した東上野地域を払い下げる こととなった。東上野地域は「国際親善マーケット」と呼ばれる住商複合空間で あり、在日朝鮮人の独自の商業と生活圏域として形成された。 解放以前、日本全域に存在した在日朝鮮人村は主に肉体労働、鉱山、 工場労働者が中心になっていた場所で、交通が不便であり生活環境が非常 に劣悪な場所が多かった。解放後にも同様の様相を見せた。一方、東上野 は合法的方式で土地を買い取り、商圏と生活圏を形成した場所で、解放以降 在日朝鮮人の変化したライフ·スタイルを反映する場所でもあった。親善マー ケットは在日コリアンを相手にする衣食住事業を中心に、東京の代表的なコリ ア·タウンとして知られるようになった。 東上野は70年間東京を代表するコリア·タウンだったが、世代が変わり、こ の地域も変化を経験している。2000年代以降、韓日両国の交流がさらに拡大 されて韓国から新たに流入された人々は新宿付近の新大久保を中心にコリア· タウンを形成した。したがって東上野のユニークさも以前に比べてかなり縮小され た。東上野は100年以上の在日コリアンの歴史を反映しており、この地域の変 化は結局、在日コリアン社会の将来を予測するバロメーターとも言えるだろう。

영문 초록

As a microcosm of the fierce postwar struggle for survival, the black markets connote various aspects. After liberation, the large scale of repatriation to Korea and serious unemployment had led to a major change of the life of Koreans in Japan. Ueno was one of the most crowded black market in Tokyo, Zainich Korean also gathered here for more profit and became significant power group in Ueno. However, conflicts continued steadily due to disputes over interests in black markets and mutual checks based on national sentiment. In response, the police and Daito-ku(台東区) district office proposed separation Korean from Ueno and helped to find replacement. Higashi Ueno became the base of the Zainich Korean with the result that the project had been accomplished. Higashi Ueno was a place for commerce and housing, which was called the Goodwill Market. It had become known as Tokyo’s representative Koreatown after liberation, mainly focused on the necessities of the life of Zainich Korean. The Korean villages in Japan of pre-liberation era, which were mainly formed in places with inconvenient traffic and poor environment, lasted similar aspects even after liberation. On the other hand, Higashi Ueno was a place where land was purchased in a legal manner, and here, commercial and living rights of the people were guaranteed. It means that the Zainich Korean could lead a stable life in a guaranteed place and also reflected the change of life style after liberation. Higashi Ueno has been the representative Koreatown of Tokyo over 70 years, however, as generations change, the region is also undergoing changes. Since the 2000s, exchanges between Korea and Japan have expanded further, and a new Koreatown has been formed around Shin- Okubo near Shinjuku. Thus, the uniqueness of the Higashi Ueno has been much smaller than before. Higashi Ueno reflects more than 100 years of Zainich Korean history, which could be called a barometer for predicting the future of Korean society in Japan.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 해방 이후 우에노 암시장과 재일조선인
Ⅲ. 친선마켓의 형성과 변용
Ⅳ. 맺음말

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APA

박미아(Park, Mi-A,朴美娥). (2019).히가시우에노(東上野) 친선마켓의 형성과 변용. 韓日民族問題硏究, 37 , 67-103

MLA

박미아(Park, Mi-A,朴美娥). "히가시우에노(東上野) 친선마켓의 형성과 변용." 韓日民族問題硏究, 37.(2019): 67-103

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