나치 독재의 환경정책과 1935년 제국자연보호법의 탄생

• 영문명: Environmental Policy of the Nazi Dictatorship and National Conservation Law 1935
• 발행기관: 한국독일사학회
• 저자명: 최용찬(Choi Yong Chan)
• 간행물 정보: 『독일연구』Vol.24, 95~124쪽, 전체 30쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.12.30

영문 초록

This paper has the main intention to reappraise critically the nature of the environmental policy of the Nazi dictatorship through the historical lens, observing the concrete process of the legislation and the proclamation of National Conservation Law 1935 before and after the Nazis regime. Chapter II examines the historical backgrounds of the transformation of the barbaric and violent Nazi dictatorship into the eco-friendly environmental dictatorship. In this process, especially the political failure of the Weimar Republic to legislate the proper nature protection laws played a great role. So most German conservationists hoped that a more authoritative regime should seize the political power and carry out the legislation of National Conservation Law forcefully. It can generally be called as the conservatization phenomena of German environmental culture sphere at the final phase of the Weimar Republic and for the first 3 years of the Nazi regime. Chapter III mainly illuminates some aspects of the so-called environmental Gleichschaltung for the eco-fascists to make a drastic reform at the nature conservation sphere immediately after the seizure of power. This reform strategic had both sides of integration and exclusion. On the one hand it attempted to integrate most of all German conservation movement organizations under the unitary eco-fascists flag, on the other hand it had excluded both the socialists leisure organizations and German jews from the environmental field. The latter proved that the environmental exclusion strategy had initially the antisemitic nature - a good example: Benno Wolf. Chapter IV shows that the new Nazi regime proclaimed many other legislations for the German nature conservation sequentially until the enactment of the National Conservation Law 1935. It also proved that the Nazi dictatorship had turned itself into making use of new tactics from the barbaric and violent rule to the cultural rule with the law apparatus. In this vein the National Conservation Law 1935 had a symbolic meaning for the will expression of the Nazi dictatorship to strongly intervene the state power into the nature protection field. So this enactment was highly praised by the environmental elites so that the national law had finally achieved the old social desire for the nature protection by the stronger state. But in spite of these appraisals the national law had still serious inner contradictions. According to chapter 1 paragraph 6, the national law should allow the army and the state to be able to use the nature and the wild land as they like. Also, it provided the legal safety device for the Nazi regime to exploit the nature environment for the land construction and the industry development and the war aims. Conclusively, the National Conservation Law 1935 played a important role as a legal safety to secure the political support from the German conservationists, and then the environment dictatorship could easily evolve itself further into the industry and development dictatorship and war dictatorship rightly on this strong green prop.

목차

Ⅰ. 문제의식

Ⅱ. 나치 제국의 성립과 환경사적 배경

Ⅲ. 나치 환경 독재와 자연보호운동 조직의 통폐합

Ⅳ. 나치 환경 독재의 구축과 제국자연보호법의 탄생

Ⅴ. 맺음말

키워드

환경 독재 독일 환경 문화의 보수화 현상 환경 통폐합 1935년 제국자연보호법 개발독재와 전쟁독재를 위한 강한 녹색 버팀목 Environmental dictatorship the conservatization phenomena of German environmental culture environmental Gleichschaltung National Conservation Law 1935 strong green prop for the development dictatorship and the war dictatorship