1943~1944年 팔라우(Palau)地域 朝鮮人 勞務者 强制動員

• 영문명: The Korean Workers in Palau under the Forced Mobilization, 1943~1944 －Focused on Korean Worker-related analysis－
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 金明煥(Kim, Myung-Hwan)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제14집, 75~120쪽, 전체 46쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2008.06.30

국문 초록

本稿では朝鮮人労務者関係綴を分析を通じて、1943年～1944年におけるパラオ地域の朝鮮人労務者の強制動員に関して考察しようとした。朝鮮人労務者関係綴とは、南洋庁によってパラオ地域に動員された朝鮮人労務者に関する資料をいう。この資料は、入手当時の綴りの状況でもって判断すると、名簿を中心にしており、また国内に紹介されたのはその一部だけであるという風に考えられる。にもかかわらず、資料に収録されているそれぞれの名簿が一連の連関性をもっており、添付されたいくつかの書類などとあわせて考えると、様々な事柄を検証することができる。まず朝鮮人労務者関係綴は、大きく分けて1943年と1944年に動員された労務者の名簿になっている。1943年に強制動員された労務者たちの移送率,移動期間などをみると、それは太平洋戦争勃發以前のものと比べて大差無かったことが分かる。ところが、1944年になると、1943年に比べて相対的に移送率は落ち、移送期間もずっと長かったことがわかる。移送率低下の原因は、逃亡など強制動員された労務者達の積極的な動員回避策によってもたらされた結果である様に思われる。移動期間が長くなったのは、日本軍が守勢に追い込まれたという当時の戦況が、労務者輸送に影響を及ぼしたからだった。最初、南洋庁交通部土木課が労務者達の動員と管理をしていたが、ある時点からは西部支庁土木課が交通部土木課に代わったことと把握される。この中西部支庁土木課は、当時の南洋庁官制では確認されない部署だ。ここで、制度上の部署配置と実際運営との間には、多少の相違があったことが確認される。恐らくこれは当時の南洋庁管割區域が面していた状況、すなわち対米戦の最前線に立っていたこと、人的․物的資源が限定されていたこと等、当時の状況のもとで組職を弾力的に運営した結果のことだと推測される。労務者達が配置された作業場は、単に‘南洋庁直営工事場’というだけにある。生存者の証言によると、この南洋庁直営工事場の一つは、マラカルにあるパラオ港湾のドック工事場である様に見える。その他には、パラオ全域の土木工事場に分散配置されたように思われるが、具体的な作業場は確認されていない。朝鮮人労務者関係綴の登載者の中の一部は、軍属関連資料でも名前が確認できる。彼らの内のかなりの人は、パラオで死亡したことが確認される。太平洋戦争当時、戦争遂行に動員され死亡した労務者は、軍属に見なされたと言われるが、彼らがこの場合だと思われる。一般労務者は軍の援護対象になれないということから、死後軍属に登載されたことと推測される。

영문 초록

It was going to examine it for Palau local Korean Workers forced mobilization by this report in 1943～1944 year by analyzing "a Korean Worker-related file" "A Korean Worker-related file" is a document with the data regarding the Korean workers who are mobilized in Palau area. As for this document, only a part of a document seems to have been introduced to the country mainly on a list judging from the state of binding at the time of acquisition. However, relevancy is confirmed by each list recorded by a document, and some documents are attached, and it tries to be examined various matters through this. "A Korean Worker-related file" consists of a list of workers mobilized to 1943 and 1944 greatly in a year. It is analyzed into not showing what difference even compare it with before the outbreak of Pacific War. Watch the transportation rate, a movement period of mobilization workers well in 1943. However, compare it in 1943 in the case of 1944, and transportation rate relatively falls and have a long it much more for a mobilization period and appear in what it suffered from. It is thought due to the result that mobilization workers are active in escapes as for the cause why lost transportation rate. The reason why have a long movement period was the war situation which is Japanese armed forces dealt with the defensive had an influence on the workers transportation. Firstly South Seas Government's department of traffic engineering works section calls out workers and managed them but it is grasped in West Branches Office engineering works section having substituted for traffic region engineering works section from a point in time that there is. This middle Western Branches Office engineering works section is the post which is not confirmed in then South Seas Government. The point where there was a difference a little is confirmed between post placement in a system and real administration. Probably it is supposed in being the situation the district under the South Seas Government dealt with namely the result that appeared because it ranked as battle front of a section to US and resources of coming and going things are limited and deserved to be reality and administered post of group flexibly. In the workshop where mobilized workers were posted, only South Seas Government direct management construction. According to the survivor testimony, one of them is seen to Malakal with being a dock construction site only for Palau harbour which did material in these South Seas Government directly managed the construction spots. It seems to have been posted in public works ground throughout the Palau, but a concrete workshop is not confirmed. A name is confirmed with a civilian employee who did the register which is recognize in "Korean Worker-related file" partly. Considerably many numbers are confirmed in these by having died in Palau. Though handle it, and the workers who died since it is mobilized at the time of the Pacific Wars by war accomplishment was done by civilian employee, in such a case these are thought about. A general worker is estimated by the register of a civilian attached to the military after death having made ends meet in the point that was not included in a protection object of the armed forces.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 『朝鮮人勞務者關係綴』의 편철내역과 구성

Ⅲ. 勞務者 動員時期와 動員樣相

Ⅳ. 勞務者 動員主體와 配置作業場

Ⅴ. 動員勞務者의 軍屬 編制

Ⅵ. 맺음말

키워드

남양군도 남양청 서부지청 팔라우 조선인노무자 Korean Worker-related file South Sea Islands South Seas Government West Branches Office Palau Korean Worker 『朝鮮人勞務者關係綴』