우리나라 금융감독 및 자율규제체계에 관한 연구

• 영문명: Study on Financial Supervision and Self-Regulatory Organization in Korea
• 발행기관: 한국경제연구원
• 저자명: 강병호(Byongho Kang)
• 간행물 정보: 『규제연구』제14권 1호, 189~222쪽, 전체 34쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2005.06.01

국문 초록

금융감독의 요체는 감독기구의 독립성과 감독업무의 중립성이다. 전자는 금융감독기구가 정치권이나 행정부의 간섭을 받지 않고 자율적으로 감독업무를 수행하는 것을 말하고 후자는 감독정책이 일반 경제정책과 분리되어 감독목적 본연의 업무에 충실하는 것을 의미한다. 그간 금융감독기구의 정치적 독립성과 감독업무의 중립성이 제대로 지켜지지 못했다. 금융감독위원회(원)는 수시로 당정협의나 국회 출석 또는 자료제출 등으로 정치권의 통제를 받아 왔으며 특히 계좌추적 등 정치적으로 민감한 사항이 제기될 때에는 빠짐없이 정치적 소용돌이에 휘말렸다. 금융감독위원회(원)가 행정부로부터 독립하여 중립적으로 감독업무를 수행하는 것 또한 현행 법체계상은 물론 운영관행상으로도 불가능한 것이었다. 금융감독정책과 금융정책의 구분이 모호하여 이에 대한 법령제정권을 갖고 있는 재정경제부와 감독정책의 입안과 집행을 관장하고 있는 금융감독위원회(원)간의 업무협조가 원활하지 못하여 효율적이고 중립적인 감독업무의 수행이 어려웠다. 특히 금융감독정책도 경제정책의 하나라는 인식하에 감독수단이 경제정책의 일환으로 이용되는 경우가 비일비재하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 ’97년 외환위기 당시 제정된 ‘금융감독기구설치법’부터 예상되었던 바이고 이에 더해 우리 사회의 뿌리 깊은 기관이기주의로 인해 감독기구 조직의 운영이 더욱 비효율적으로 되었다. 본 논문은 현 우리나라 금융감독의 실상과 이와 같은 결과가 초래된 원인을 지적하고 주요국의 금융감독제도와 우리 금융현실 등을 비교 분석하여 금융감독제도의 개편방안을 제시하고자 한다.

영문 초록

Independence of a financial supervisory organization and objectivity of financial supervisory affairs are the foremost elements in effective financial supervision. An independent financial supervisory organization refers to financial supervisory affairs being conducted autonomously, in absence of political or administrative interference. bjective financial supervisory affairs signify serving the supervisory purposes in accordance with financial supervisory policies that are separated from economic policies. The Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC)/Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) in Korea have been frequently exposed to political influences by participating in government-ruling party consultations, attending hearings in the National Assembly, and submitting various information requested by the National Assembly. In particular, when politically sensitive issues arise, such as account back-tracking, the FSC/FSS inevitably becomes involved in the political confusion. The current legal framework and common practice of the administration makes it almost impossible for the FSC/FSS to independently carry out its financial supervisory affairs. The Ministry of Finance and Economy (MOFE) possesses legislative power regarding economic policies, whereas the FSC/FSS sets forth policy parameters and performs supervisory functions. However, the blurry distinction between economic and financial supervisory policies makes it difficult for the FSC/FSS to coordinate financial supervisory affairs with the MOFE, and thus the FSC/FSS is not able to conduct efficient and objective financial supervision. As evidence to this, there were cases in the past in which financial supervisory policies tended to count as a part of macro-economic policies. This paper will briefly describe the current financial supervisory structure in Korea, and attempt to identify the causes of the inefficiencies in its' financial supervision. It will also provide a broad comparison of the financial supervisory system in Korea to that of advanced countries and present the following guidelines for the reorganization of the financial supervisory system in Korea. (1) The operating structure of a financial supervisory organization should be deemed more important than the organizational structure, regardless of whether it is a government organization. On the one hand, the operation of a financial supervisory organization is associated with public power in terms of serving and enforcing the rights and duties of the general public. On the other hand, the financial supervisory organization should have ample resources to ensure objectivity and professionalism. The government argues that a consolidated financial supervisory body should be a part of the government, providing systematic support for its independence and objectivity of supervision. However, civil associations argue against it and prefer it to be a non-governmental public organization with a proper governing structure. In either case, as long as it serves the same purpose, what remains as the most important factor is not whether the organization is identified governmental or not but achieving reconciliation between the two opposing views. (2) The regulatory agencies, the MOFE and the FSC need to urgently re-allocate administrative powers to reconcile the policy conflicts between the two and perform timely financial supervision. It is advisable that the MOFE delegate broad financial supervisory authorities to the FSC but maintains the authorities of enactment and amendment of legislation to avoid the concentration of excessive supervisory power of the FSC and to hold each other in check. (3) Unification of the FSC, a governmental organization, and the FSS, a private non-governmental organization, must be achieved so that the former can play a role as a decision-making board and the latter as an executive arm within a single framework of the financial supervisory system. Currently, three of nine FSC

목차

요약

Ⅰ. 금융감독의 의의와 목적

Ⅱ. 주요국의 금융감독제도

Ⅲ. 우리나라 금융감독제도 개편논의의 쟁점

Ⅳ. 우리나라 금융감독제도의 개편방향

Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론

참고문헌

Abstract