파란츠 파농과 '민족'의 정치학

• 영문명: Frantz Fanon and the Politics of 'Nation'
• 발행기관: 한국비평이론학회
• 저자명: 이경원
• 간행물 정보: 『비평과 이론』제9권 제2호, 37~67쪽, 전체 31쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 영어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.12.01

영문 초록

Frantz Fanon has often been regarded either as a champion of Third World nationalism or as its severe critique. A meticulous reading of The Wretched of the Earth shows that both views fall to explain Fanon's ambivalent and even multivalent notion of nationalism. Fanon's concept of natian Itself cannot be contained in a single category of definition, it vanes depending on the context of his argument for decolonization and national liberation On the one hand, Fanon's 'nation' refers to the state of Algeria under the French colonial domination or the subaltern class within African society which is equivalent to the Marxist notion of people. On the other hand, it extends to the continent of Africa as apposed to Europe and even to Black Diaspora and the Third World in general Fanon's 'nation' thus must be understood in terms of relational identity and dialectical process rather than unchanging essence or stationary system The mam target of Fanon's criticism in The Wretched of the Earth is not African nationalism as such but its bourgeois degenertion For Fanon, the native bourgeoisie in Africa is 'a bourgeoisie in name only' and 'good for nothing' Serving the transmission line between (post)colonial African society and European capitalism, the native bourgeoisie is a greedy and voracious caste incapable of any great idea or inventiveness, 'only too glad to accept the dividends that the fanner colonial power hands out to it' It is not only useless but harmful class that ought be liquidated in the process of decolonization and national liberation Instead, Fanon calls upon the subaltern class, the peasants in particular, to play the leading role of historical change because he thinks the peasants, more excluded from the advantages of colonialism, are less colonized and less Europeanized than city people Fanon also suggests the organic partnership between the peasants and the revolutionary intellectuals so that the latter might complement the ideological vulnerability and instability of the former. In this process, Fanon argues, nationalism or 'national consciousness' is a necessary means for and a transitional stage toward the ultimate goal of 'new humanism' Though he does not endorse the essentialist notion of 'nation', he employs the discourse of nation as a double strategy of fighting with African tribalism and European colonialism. As far as colonialism lasts on the earth, Fanon concludes, it is too early to claim the differences and diversity within the nation or to seek a universal and cosmopolitan value beyond the nation

목차

1. 탈식민화와 폭력

2. 민족주의의 양가성

3. 민족문화의 역사성

4. 세계화 시대의 민족주의

참고문헌

Abstract