판단에 의한 자연과 자유의 연결

• 영문명: Nature and Freedom Connected by Means of the Judgment : The Educational Implication of Kant s Philosophy
• 발행기관: 한국도덕교육학회
• 저자명: 장발보(Bal-Bo Chang)
• 간행물 정보: 『도덕교육연구』도덕교육연구 제16권 제1호, 51~84쪽, 전체 34쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.08.31

국문 초록

자연과 자유의 연결 문제를 설명하고 있는 칸트의 「판단력비판」은 자연과 자유를 각각 어떻게 이해하는가에 따라 두 가지 상이한 방식으로 해석될 수 있다. 자연과 자유를 동일한 수준의 상이한 두 개념으로 해석하는 기존의 대칭모형은 자연과 자유의 연결이 한정적 판단에 의하여 가능하다고 봄으로써 「판단력비판」에 나타난 ‘초감성적인 것’의 의미와 역할을 제대로 설명하지 못한다. 칸트의 철학체계에 충실하자면, 자연과 자유는 상이한 두 수준의 ‘개념’으로 해석되어야 한다. 자연을 개념으로, 자유를 이념으로 이해하는 중층모형에서 자연과 자유의 연결은 반성적 판단에 의하여 가능하다. 대칭모형과 중층모형의 해석 방식은 그대로 교과의 도덕적 의미를 설명하는 상이한 관점으로 귀결된다.

영문 초록

The purpose of this study is to interpret Kant s philosophy on the basis of the statement that ‘nature is connected with freedom by means of the judgment’, which is the thesis of the Critique of Judgment, and to explicate the meaning of education inherent in Kant s philosophy. An established way of linking nature and freedom is to put the two concepts on the symmetrical position, and accordingly can be called the Symmetry Model . According to this model, as nature is the constitutive principle in the field of the theoretical cognition, so freedom is the constitutive principle in the field of the moral judgment. But the Symmetry Model has a serious difficulty. It cannot explain the fact that Kant lay an emphasis on the supersensible for explaining the connection. According to Kant, the supersensible could be cognized not theoretically but practically. The Symmetry Model understands the Kant s assertion in such a way that Kant insisted not to apply the supersensible except to the field of moral judgment. But this would lead to the misunderstanding that the supersensible could be determined empirically by means of the moral judgment. The supersensible, by definition, is not the object which could be determined either theoretically or morally. Considering the fact that the Critique of judgment, mainly dealing with the reflective judgment, was written for explaining the connection of nature with freedom, we should say that the connection is possible by means of the reflective judgment. As long as the reflective judgment is the concept for explaining the process of attaining to the Idea, of which the concept is empirically unattainable, we must say that the concept of freedom is at a different level from nature rather than it is a different kind of concept on the same level. As it were, nature is the concept which includes the theoretical cognition and the moral judgment, and freedom is the Idea to which we should try to attain through the concept of nature. This way of interpreting the connection of nature and freedom can be named the Double-Layer Model . To interpret Kant s philosophy in respect of the Double-Layer Model is to look for the meaning of a priori in faithful accordance with Kant s intention. In the view of the Double-Layer Model, a priori has a connection with an empirical process of learning, whereas the Symmetry Model insists that a priori is the pure logical concept which has no connection with such process. This is the educational implication of Kant s philosophy. A priori must be regarded not only as the condition of learning but as the result of it ; it is both the result of internalizing of school subjects and the condition which makes the learning possible. The two Models of interpreting the connection of freedom and nature in Kant s philosophy, the Symmetry and the Double-Layer Models, are in fact the two different ways of connecting knowledge and morality.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 대칭모형에 의한 자연과 자유의 연결

Ⅲ. 중층모형에 의한 자연과 자유의 연결

Ⅳ. 교과의 도덕적 의미

참고문헌

키워드

칸트 판단력 비판 자연 자유 지식과 도덕 Kant Critique of Judgement nature freedom morality and knowledge