소조 활동을 통한 미술치료가 자폐성 아동의 대상관계에 미치는효과

• 영문명: Effects of Art Therapy Using Plastic Activity on Object Relations of Autistic Disorder
• 발행기관: 한국미술치료학회
• 저자명: 김동연,최은영
• 간행물 정보: 『미술치료연구』제3권 제2호, 19~55쪽, 전체 37쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 심리학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1996.01.01

국문 초록

자폐성 아동은 여러가지 행동 특성을 나타내고 있다. 그 가운데서도 대상관계 발달에 큰 곤란을 가진다. 그들은 인생 초기부터 타인이나 사태에 대해서 적절한 방식으로 관계를 맺기 어렵다. 자폐성 아동은 일반 아동과 달리 너무 순하거나 지나치게 까다로운 특이한 반응을 하며, 애착 행동이 전혀 이루어지지 않고 사람과의 접촉을 피하며, 사람을 대하는 것을 싫어한다. 또한 상대방의 눈을 쳐다보지 않으려고 시선을 자주 피하며 또래에 관심이 없고 함께 어울려 놀지 않으며, 다른 사람과의 감정 교환이 어렵다. 이와 같이 사람, 사건 및 사물에 대해서 적절히 반응하는 능력에 장애를 가진다(김동연. 1987: Ritvo&Freeman. 1978: Rutter. 1975). 다시 말하면, 자폐성 아동은 사물, 사람에 대한 관계 즉, 대상관계를 발달시키는데 곤란을 지니고 있다.

영문 초록

It is well known that autistic disorder has serious problems in developing object relations. However research that can help autistic disorder to de velop object relations is in its early stage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how art therapy using plastic activity affects object relations(play. personal relations. behavior) of autistic disorder. Two children with autistic disorder. who had problems in developing normal object relations served as subjects. Their chronological age were 6. Prior to therapy. they had not played with other children and rarely showed spontaneous act. Both children participatened in plastic activity and drawing weekly for 6 months. Each session lasted approximately 50 minutes. They were diagnosed as ha ving autistic disorder based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CAR S). Their object relations for pre and post-test were evaluated using EHWA-Check List for Autistic Children (E-CLAC) and Kinetic-House-Tree- Person( K-HTP) and ratings of their mother and teacher. E-CLAC items used in the present study were play. personal relations. following instructions. behavior. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using a pre/post→test design. For each child. the therapeutic procedure and results were described for each session. Through the above mentioned procedures following conclusions were drawn First. the art therapy using plastic activity ímproved the two children\'s relationship with other children and adults and increased the numher of plays they participated in. Second. the art therapy using plastic activity improved the children’ s relationship with their parents. siblings and other children. Finally. the art therapy using plastic activity increased following instructions. spontaneity. concentration and spontaneous behavior 1n addition. the object relations of the autistic disorders were discussed.