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박수남의 ‘조선인 피폭자’ 증언 쓰기와 영화 만들기에 나타난 탈식민·탈냉전 사상의 궤적

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영문명
The Trajectory of Ideas of Post-colonial and Post-Cold War in Park Soo-nam’s Writing of Testimony and Filmmaking of “Korean Atomic Bomb Survivors”
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
조은애(Eun-Ae Cho)
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제45집, 101~141쪽, 전체 41쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2023.12.31
7,720

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1:1 문의
논문 표지

국문 초록

This article aims to illuminate the writings and a documentary film by Park Soo-nam on the topic of “Korean atomic bomb survivors.” I examine them in terms of content and form to understand both post-colonialism and ways to overcome the Asian Cold War. In particular, I focus on the transition of Park’s primary expressive medium from writing to filmmaking during the 1980s. “Another Hiroshima,” published in 1982, positions the Korean survivors or witnesses as participants in a polyphonic text, where various voices and spatiotemporal dimensions intersect. There is a gap between the times of the testimony, the narrative depiction, and the publication of the revised edition. This is a “rewrite” text, evoking the meaning of this collection of testimony. Park, who resonated with Asia’s anti-war, anti-nuclear, and anti-dictatorship movements and suggested the principle of “half-Japanese” connected to her roots, showed how the atomic bomb that ended the Asia-Pacific War deprived survivors of social relations and places to live. How does Park shed light on the issue of Korean survivors as a long-term emergency? First, Park highlighted the testimonies of Korean women survivors, aiming to show the intersecting structures of gender, class, age, disability/ability, and ethnic discrimination within these narratives. Second, she attempted a technical and media shift to the documentary “Another Hiroshima: Song of Arirang” after the book of testimony. This film, which is also a retrospective explanation of the oral history survey conducted by Park in the 1960s, contains multiple layers of responses from “Me, Park Soo-nam” to those who can only be revealed in the form of absences, namely, witnesses/survivors of those who have already disappeared from the ground and those who have been deprived of their places to speak. The most prominent feature contributing to the uniqueness of the film is the technique of overlapping Park’s voice onto that of the witness in the Korean language or a mixture of Korean and Japanese. Throughout the film, Park performs the role of an interpreter, but there are moments where she suddenly stops speaking. In those moments, a witness’s quiet voice flows, speaking in Korean or sometimes in a blend of Korean and Japanese. The visual and auditory reconstruction of (non) phonetic signs that have lost their discriminatory function of meaning, such as groaning or silence, has an important meaning in the film. At that moment, what is required of the audience is the ability to detect a proper name, body, and voice. In other ways, the audience is required to have another ability to cross each body of the witness and each narrative. Through this contradictory imagination, we will be able to not only recognize the utility of identity politics caused by the categorization of each victim called “hibakusha” but also understand the matter of Korean victims by intersecting them with such contexts as ethnicity, class, gender/ sexuality, generation, or disability/ability.

영문 초록

本論文は、在日朝鮮人2世の作家朴壽南の「朝鮮人被爆者」をめぐる著作 とドキュメンタリー映画を、脱植民主義および脱冷戦思想と関連づけながら分析 することを目的としている。特に、1960年代から1980年代にかけて朴壽南の主な 表現媒体がライティングから映画製作に転換していく過程に注目した。証言集 『もうひとつのヒロシマ―朝鮮人韓国人被爆者の証言』は、原爆が投下された広 島における朝鮮人の生存者や目撃者を、多様な声と時空間的次元が交差す るポリフォニー·テクストに参加する者として位置づける。また、この証言集には 証言が行われた時点と朴壽南による叙述が行われた時点、そして改訂版が出 版された時点の間に距離が存在するが、これは「書き直し」テクストとしてこの証 言集が持つ意味を喚起する。アジアの反戦·反核·反独裁運動に共鳴しなが ら、自身のルーツとつながり合う「反日本人」の原理を提示した朴壽南は、アジ ア·太平洋戦争を終結させた原爆がどのように、そしてどれほど長期的に生存 者の社会的な関係と居場所を剥奪してきたのかを提示する。このように、朴壽 南は朝鮮人被爆者をめぐる問題を「長期的非常事態」として捉え直すために、ま ず女性生存者の証言に注目し、これらのナラティブにおけるジェンダー·階級· 年齢·障害/非障害·人種差別の複雑な構造を浮き彫りにした。次に、朴壽 南は証言ドキュメンタリー映画「もうひとつのヒロシマ―アリランの歌」をとおして、 技術的·媒体的転換を試みた。1960年代に朴壽南が行ったオーラル·ヒスト リー調査を回顧するような形で製作されたこの映画は、不在の形でしか現れない 存在、すなわちすでにこの世にいない者と地上から消えた場所への証言者=生 存者の応答であるとともに、語る場所を剥奪された人びとへの「私、朴壽南」の 応答が重層的に組み込まれたテクストである。この映画の最も特徴的な点は証 人たちの朝鮮語、そして朝鮮語/日本語が混ざった音声に朴壽南の声を重ね た技術である。映画をとおして朴壽南は通訳者の役割を遂行するが、突然言 葉を止める瞬間がある。その瞬間、朝鮮語、または朝鮮語/日本語が混在し た証言者の静かな声が流れる。証言者の固有性と個別性が現れた瞬間、朴 壽南は証言者の傍で彼/女の話を黙って聞く。うめき声や沈黙のように、意味 の弁別的機能を失った(非)音声的記号を視覚的·聴覚的に再構成すること が、この映画では重要な意味を持つ。その瞬間、映画を観る者に求められる のは、一方では彼/女の固有の名前と身体、そして声を感知する能力であ り、他方では証言者それぞれの身体とナラティブを横断することができる想像力 である。このような双方向の想像力をとおして、私たちは「被爆者」のカテゴリー に内在するアイデンティティ·ポリティクスを認めるとともに、民族·階級·ジェン ダー·世代·障害/非障害などの多層的な脈絡から朝鮮人被爆者の問題を 再認識することができるだろう。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. ‘히로시마’의 단층들
Ⅲ. ‘장기적 비상사태’로서의 조선인 피폭자 문제를 가시화하는 방법
Ⅳ. 맺음말

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APA

조은애(Eun-Ae Cho). (2023).박수남의 ‘조선인 피폭자’ 증언 쓰기와 영화 만들기에 나타난 탈식민·탈냉전 사상의 궤적. 韓日民族問題硏究, (), 101-141

MLA

조은애(Eun-Ae Cho). "박수남의 ‘조선인 피폭자’ 증언 쓰기와 영화 만들기에 나타난 탈식민·탈냉전 사상의 궤적." 韓日民族問題硏究, (2023): 101-141

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