1930년대 재일조선인의 주택문제와 생활권 투쟁의 고찰

• 영문명: A Study on the Housing Problems and the Living Rights Struggles of the Korean in Japan the 1930s －Focused on “Min-jung Shibo”－
• 발행기관: 한일민족문제학회
• 저자명: 황익구(Hwang, Ik-Koo)
• 간행물 정보: 『韓日民族問題硏究』제36집, 43~77쪽, 전체 35쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2019.06.30

국문 초록

1920年代末頃から在日朝鮮人社会には就職問題、住宅問題、教育問 題、医療衛生問題、法律問題など様々な生活問題が現われていた。特に在 日朝鮮人社会において最も切実な問題は労働者人口の増加と居住形態の変 化、日本人家主の住宅賃貸の忌避、日本当局の消極的な対応などが総合 的な原因として作用した住宅問題である。本稿では1930年代の在日朝鮮人の 住宅問題をめぐる同時代の言説を分析することによって日本当局の住宅問題に 対する姿勢と対応、そして在日朝鮮人の積極的で自主的な生活権闘争の様 相を考察してみた。 1930年を前後して日本当局の調査によると在日朝鮮人の住宅問題の原因は 在日朝鮮人側の責任として扱われており、その以降も在日朝鮮人の住宅問題 をめぐる言説においてたえず繰り返されながら再生産と伝播が行われていた。さら に在日朝鮮人に対する民族的差別と偏見に基づいたステレオタイプをも作り続け ていた。 このような状況のなかで在日朝鮮人による韓国語新聞のꡔ民衆時報ꡕが創刊 された。ꡔ民衆時報ꡕは在日朝鮮人の生活権の確立、権益擁護、文化的向 上などを綱領として当時の在日朝鮮人の生活問題に大きな関心を持っており、 またその解決策を模索していた。とりわけ住宅問題については社説、コラム、報 道記事、寄稿文、文芸作品などを活用して問題の原因を追究し、なお生活権 闘争の参加を積極的に呼びかけていた。 しかしꡔ民衆時報ꡕの廃刊以降、在日朝鮮人の住宅問題をめぐる生活権闘 争は組織的な闘争の段階にまでは至らず、土地や住宅に対する強制立退の阻 止や法的訴訟を起こすような部分的で散発的な活動にとどまっていた。それでも ꡔ民衆時報ꡕが在日朝鮮人の住宅問題、さらに生活問題について民族運動の 一環として自主的で組織的な闘争を模索していた点は注目に値する。

영문 초록

Since the late 1920’s, there have been various living problems in Korean society in Japan, such as employment problems, housing problems, education problems, medical hygiene problems, and legal problems. Especially in the Korean society in Japan, the most serious problem is the housing problem where the increase of the labor force and the change of living style, the refusal of the Japanese landlord’s housing rental, the negative response of the Japanese authorities, etc. This article analyzes Japanese contemporary Japanese attitudes to housing problems by analyzing contemporary discourses on Korean housing problems in the 1930s, I examined the aspect of the active and voluntary life rights struggle of Koreans in Japan. According to a survey of Japanese authorities around 1930, the cause of the housing problems of Koreans in Japan is treated as the responsibility of the Koreans in Japan, and from then on the discourse over the housing problems of Koreans in Japan has always been Reproduction and propagation was taking place repeatedly. Furthermore, Japanese authorities continued to create stereotypes based on ethnic discrimination and prejudice against Koreans in Japan. In this context, “Min-jung Shibo” was established with the aim of establishing the living rights of Korean residents in Japan, advocating for their rights, advancing their culture and improving their culture. Especially for housing problems, editors, columns, articles, contributions, and literary works were used to investigate the cause of the problems. “Min-jung Shibo” has actively called for participation in the struggle for life rights. However, since the demise of “Min-jung Shibo”, the struggle for the right to life over the housing problems of Koreans in Japan does not reach the stage of organized struggle. And it was limited to partial and sporadic activities, such as preventing forced evictions of land and housing and legal action. Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that “Min-jung Shibo” was interested in housing problems of Koreans in Japan. And it should be noted that “Min-jung Shibo” sought a voluntary and systematic struggle for living problems.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ.「민중시보」의 등장과 담론지형

Ⅲ.「민중시보」에 나타난 주택문제의 양상

Ⅳ.「민중시보」의 문예란과 주택문제

Ⅴ. 맺음말－「민중시보」의 시도와 위상

키워드

재일조선인(Korean in Japan) 「민중시보」(“Min-jung Shibo”) 주택문제(Housing Problems) 담론(Discourse) 생활권 투쟁(Living Rights Struggles)